Cellular apoptosis susceptibility (CSE1L/CAS) protein in cancer metastasis and chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis

Abstract

The cellular apoptosis susceptibility (CSE1L/CAS) protein is highly expressed in cancer, and its expression is positively correlated with high cancer stage, high cancer grade, and worse outcomes of patients. CSE1L (or CAS) regulates chemotherapeutic drug-induced cancer cell apoptosis and may play important roles in mediating the cytotoxicities of chemotherapeutic drugs against cancer cells in cancer chemotherapy. CSE1L was originally regarded as a proliferation-associated protein and was thought to regulate the proliferation of cancer cells in cancer progression. However, the results of experimental studies showed that enhanced CSE1L expression is unable to increase proliferation of cancer cells and CSE1L regulates invasion and metastasis but not proliferation of cancer cells. Recent studies revealed that CSE1L is a secretory protein, and there is a higher prevalence of secretory CSE1L in the sera of patients with metastatic cancer. Therefore, CSE1L may be a useful serological marker for screening, diagnosis and prognosis, assessment of therapeutic responses, and monitoring for recurrence of cancer. In this paper, we review the expression of CSE1L in cancer and discuss why CSE1L regulates the invasion and metastasis rather than the proliferation of cancer.

Differential distributions of CSE1L/CAS and E-cadherin in the polarized and non-polarized epithelial glands of neoplastic colorectal epithelium

“…Scale bar 50 lm high cancer stage, and worse patient outcomes (Behrens et al 2001(Behrens et al , 2003Tai et al 2010b). The results of recent studies have shown that CSE1L can mediate the secretion and metastasis of cancer cells (Liao et al 2008a;Tsao et al 2009;Tung et al 2009;Stella Tsai et al 2010;Tung et al 2010;Tai et al 2010a). Therefore, the distribution of CSE1L in cell-cell junctions between epithelial cells in colorectal glands may assist with E-cadherin-mediated epithelial cell polarity formation and maintenance in the glands, aiding gland architectural organization and the proper physiological functioning of the glands.…”

Comparison of Polymeric siRNA Nanocarriers in a Murine LPS-Activated Macrophage Cell Line: Gene Silencing, Toxicity and Off-Target Gene Expression

“…Plays an important role in regulating cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis, where up regulation is correlated with a worsened patient outcome (66).…”

CSE1L (CSE1 chromosome segregation 1-like (yeast))

“…CSE1L is expressed in various tissues, and particularly it is highly expressed in most cancer (Tai et al, 2010a;Brinkmann et al, 1995). The expression level CSE1L is positively correlated with high tumor stage, high tumor grade, and worse outcomes of cancer patients (Tai et al, 2010a).…”

“…The expression level CSE1L is positively correlated with high tumor stage, high tumor grade, and worse outcomes of cancer patients (Tai et al, 2010a). The increased expression of CSE1L in cancer is mainly due to the amplification of the copy number of the CSE1L gene in cancer tissue (Tai et al, 2010a).…”