Cellular basis of persistent lymphocytosis in cattle infected with bovine leukemia virus

Kenyon, S.J.; Piper, Charles E.

doi:10.1128/iai.16.3.891-897.1977

Cited by 59 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Finally, this study extends our understanding of restricted replication of these viruses in animal tissues (5,12) and suggests that one explanation for the restriction may be related to physiological factors controlling maturation and differentiation of infected cells. This phenomenon of virus expression during maturation and differentiation is not unique to this group of viruses and seems to be a common occurence during infection with other retroviruses, including oncogenic agents (1, 14,19). In these models the relationship among cell maturation, virus synthesis, and oncogenesis had yet to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus expression during maturation of monocytes to macrophages

et al. 1983

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Lentiviruses, which cause arthritis-encephalitis and maedi-visna in goats and sheep, respectively, cause persistent infections in these animals. The viruses replicate productively at low levels in macrophages in diseased organs such as the "maedi lung" and nonproductively in other cell types such as leukocytes in peripheral blood. Nonproductive infections become productive during in vitro cultivation of the cells. This study showed that monocytes were the only cells in the peripheral blood leukocytes of an infected animal in which virus was detected and that virus activation occurred only when these cells matured into macrophages. Only a minute fraction of cultured monocytes matured into macrophages, and viral infectivity was associated exclusively with this fraction. Antiglobulincoated glass wool fragments were lethal for monocyte macrophages because of toxic phagocytosis, but had no effect on B or T lymphocytes. The simultaneous addition of the glass fragments and leukocytes to culture dishes resulted in no macrophage maturation and no virus production. The addition of the fragments to virus-producing macrophages caused the death of the cells and a decline in virus production. Virus production in less avidly phagocytic cells was unaffected by the glass. Thus, although macrophages may be permissive for virus replication, one mechanism for restricted virus expression in vivo may be physiological factors controlling the maturation of these cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus expression during maturation of monocytes to macrophages

et al. 1983

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“…All BLV-infected cattle elicit a persistent humoral response to the viral structural proteins but most remain healthy for life. Some time after infection, about 30% of infected cattle have a persistent lymphocytosis (PL) characterized by an increase in the number of circulating B lymphocytes (2)(3)(4)(5). Only about 10% of cattle with PL develop lymphoid tumours and leukaemia occurs terminally in approximately 50% of cattle with lymphosarcoma (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphocyte subpopulations in sheep during the early stage of experimental infection with bovine leukaemia virus

Wh²,

Kf³

1989

Immunol Cell Biol

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Summary Stieep were experiraentalty infected with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) by the inoculation of PBL from leukaemic sheep. Antibodies to viral structural proteins were detected at from 2 to 6 weeks after inoculation. At seroconversion, all sheep had a marked increase in the number of circulating lymphocytes, due essentially to an increase in the number of B cells. The number of circulating B cells then decreased but remained higher than pre-infection levels. A second increase in this population preceded the development of a B cell lymphoblastic leukaemia. Generalized lymphosarcoma was diagnosed at necropsy of all sheep. Variation between individual sheep in the time from infection to the development of tumours allowed two clearly delineated groups of nine sheep to be compared. A study of changes in the B cell and T cell populations during the first 16 weeks of infection suggested that the initial response to infection influences the subsequent rate of leukaemogenesis. At seroconversion the number of circulating B cells was significantly higher in group 1 (1016±l-51X10'/l)than in group2(6-47±276X10'/l). Group 1 sheep became leukaemic at 20-50 weeks after infection, whereas group 2 sheep did not do so until 70-95 weeks after infection.

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“…BLV-free and BLV-infected cattle with and without PL were selected from the defined groups of cattle previously described (4). The preparation of buffy coat leukocytes, the test for EAC-RFC, the syncytia infectivity assay, and lymphocyte culture techniques are described in the accompanying paper (4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of density gradient-fractionated peripheral blood leukocytes from cattle infected with bovine leukemia virus

Kenyon¹,

Piper²

1977

Infect Immun

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Discontinuous bovine serum albumin gradients were used to fractionate peripheral blood leukocytes from bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-free and BLV-infected cows. The release of infectious BLV and spontaneous incorporation of [3H]thymidine were not properties of density gradient-fractionated leukocytes from a BLV-free cow. When leukocytes from BLV-infected cattle were fractionated, B lymphocytes which spontaneously incorporated [3H]thymidine could be separated as a distinct subpopulation from B lymphocytes which replicated infectious BLV. Density gradient fractionation of leukocytes from a cow with lymphosarcoma is also reported. A fall in lymphocyte count at the time of tumor development is attributed to the loss of B lymphocytes which spontaneously incorporate [3H]thymidine.

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Cellular basis of persistent lymphocytosis in cattle infected with bovine leukemia virus

Cited by 59 publications

References 5 publications

Activation of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus expression during maturation of monocytes to macrophages

Activation of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus expression during maturation of monocytes to macrophages

Lymphocyte subpopulations in sheep during the early stage of experimental infection with bovine leukaemia virus

Properties of density gradient-fractionated peripheral blood leukocytes from cattle infected with bovine leukemia virus

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