Cellular Composition of the Piriform Cortex of the Rat Brain in Experimental Epilepsy

Bolkvadze, Tamuna; Dzhaparidze, N. D.; Zhvaniya, M. G.; Kotariya, N. T.; Tsitsishvili, A

doi:10.1007/s11055-006-0010-3

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A role for the piriform cortex during human epileptogenesis is probable, but remains to be confirmed. Its tendency to suffer preferential neuronal loss following seizures, as observed in both human status epilepticus ( 156 ), and in animal models of induced epilepsy ( 181 ), may lead to electrophysiological and local microcircuit changes ( 185 ), which result in piriform hyper-excitability. We hypothesize that when the piriform cortex is a target of discharge spread, it can be readily recruited as a secondary hyper-excitable node in the epileptic network by this mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During amygdala kindling, afterdischarges are induced from the piriform from the very first stimulation, indicating the high connectivity from the amygdala and propensity of piriform cortex to sustain epileptic discharges ( 180 ). During this process, neuronal loss not only occurs at the primary kindling site, but is also at the central piriform cortex, particularly with loss of GABAergic interneurons ( 181 , 182 ). Once amygdala kindling is completed, there is increased background firing of neurons in the upper layers of the central piriform.…”

Section: Piriform Cortex Is Susceptible To Seizure-induced Injury Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Piriform Cortex and Human Focal Epilepsy

2014

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It is surprising that the piriform cortex, when compared to the hippocampus, has been given relatively little significance in human epilepsy. Like the hippocampus, it has a phylogenetically preserved three-layered cortex that is vulnerable to excitotoxic injury, has broad connections to both limbic and cortical areas, and is highly epileptogenic – being critical to the kindling process. The well-known phenomenon of early olfactory auras in temporal lobe epilepsy highlights its clinical relevance in human beings. Perhaps because it is anatomically indistinct and difficult to approach surgically, as it clasps the middle cerebral artery, it has, until now, been understandably neglected. In this review, we emphasize how its unique anatomical and functional properties, as primary olfactory cortex, predispose it to involvement in focal epilepsy. From recent convergent findings in human neuroimaging, clinical epileptology, and experimental animal models, we make the case that the piriform cortex is likely to play a facilitating and amplifying role in human focal epileptogenesis, and may influence progression to epileptic intractability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Piriform Cortex Is Susceptible To Seizure-induced Injury Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Piriform Cortex and Human Focal Epilepsy

2014

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“…Early work by Piredda and Gale identified a specific locus within the animal fPC known as the area tempestas , an area from which seizures could be elicited following just picomole amounts of chemoconvulsant administration ( 24 ). Additional animal studies showed that the PC is the first cortical site to develop interictal discharges following kindling, and repeated stimulation can result in neurons transitioning to a hyperexcitable state in response to normally inhibitory neurotransmitters ( 52 , 54 – 57 ). This work highlights the ability of the PC to serve as both a sight of seizure generation, as well as a site of seizure propagation throughout the limbic network.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the PC, the anterior subregion has demonstrated faster kindling rates than the posterior subregion with no notable differences amongst the three layers of the PC's tri-layered cortex ( 53 , 54 ). Long-lasting alterations in the PC include increased baseline firing rates of PC neurons with development of interictal spikes, loss of GABA-immunoreactive neurons, and paradoxical neuronal excitability induced by the normally inhibitory corticotropin releasing factor ( 54 – 57 ). Overall, long term and transient alterations within the PC reflect a shift to a more hyperexcitable state in the kindled rat.…”

Section: Role Of the Piriform Cortex In Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the piriform cortex in temporal lobe epilepsy: A current literature review

et al. 2022

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Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of focal epilepsy and can have various detrimental consequences within many neurologic domains. Recent evidence suggests that the piriform cortex may also be implicated in seizure physiology. The piriform cortex is a primary component of the olfactory network and is located at the junction of the frontal and temporal lobes, wrapping around the entorhinal sulcus. Similar to the hippocampus, it is a tri-layered allocortical structure, with connections to many adjacent regions including the orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, peri- and entorhinal cortices, and insula. Both animal and human studies have implicated the piriform cortex as a critical node in the temporal lobe epilepsy network. It has additionally been shown that resection of greater than half of the piriform cortex may significantly increase the odds of achieving seizure freedom. Laser interstitial thermal therapy has also been shown to be an effective treatment strategy with recent evidence hinting that ablation of the piriform cortex may be important for seizure control as well. We propose that sampling piriform cortex in intracranial stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) procedures with the use of a temporal pole or amygdalar electrode would be beneficial for further understanding the role of the piriform cortex in temporal lobe epilepsy.

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