Cellular generators of the binaural difference potential in cat

Interaural delay-dependent changes in the binaural difference potential of the human auditory brain stem response

“…Given the relatively small time-intensity-trading ratios needed to obtain a maximal BD amplitude, Sontheimer et al (1985) suggested the MSO as site of BD generation. In her cat study, Melcher (1996) supported this hypothesis by lesion experiments and excluded the LSO as possible BD generator. Levine and Davis (1991) measured BDs in the presence of a high pass masker and concluded that the frequency region above 4 kHz largely accounts for the BD.…”

The Physiological Basis and Clinical Use of the Binaural Interaction Component of the Auditory Brainstem Response

“…Furst et al 1985), P1 or N1 (e.g. Dobie & Norton 1980; Jones & Van der Poel 1990), A (e.g., Wrege & Starr 1981), b (e.g., Melcher 1996) and DV (McPherson et al 1989) referring to the potentials reported in these other studies. Some other studies also included smaller peaks next to the DN1 peak in their discussion of the BIC (e.g., Wada & Starr 1989).…”

“…Since the LSO consists mainly of so-called ‘EI’ neurons, which receive excitatory (E) input from the ipsilateral side and inhibitory (I) input from the contralateral side, the negative value of the DN1 amplitude could be interpreted to reflect the reduced output of the LSO when stimulated binaurally that is due to the inhibition (e.g., Riedel & Kollmeier 2002a). The observation that the DN1 amplitude generally is smaller for higher-frequency stimuli (e.g., Ito et al 1988; Melcher, 1996) does not provide conclusive evidence for the source of the BIC because like is the case for MSO neurons, a part of the population of LSO neurons are also sensitive to low-frequency ITDs (Tollin & Yin 2005). .…”

“…Kainate-acid induced lesions of the AVCNa reduced the DN1 component of the BIC in cats (Melcher 1996). The spherical bushy cells in the AVCNa provide bilateral excitatory input to the MSO suggesting that the output activity is reduced due to the lesion resulting in a reduced BIC (Melcher 1996).…”

Auditory brainstem activity in children with 9–30 months of bilateral cochlear implant use

“…This difference between the binaural and summated responses is typically plotted over the recording interval and referred to as the binaural difference (BD) response or binaural interaction component (BIC). The underlying mechanism for this phenomenon has been proposed to involve binaural processes in the superior olivary complex (Goksoy et al, 2005;McPherson and Starr, 1993;Melcher, 1996;Riedel and Kollmeier, 2006;Zaaroor and Starr, 1991). Interaural timing and level changes appear to affect both the latency and amplitude of the difference waveform (Furst et al, 1985;Riedel and Kollmeier, 2006;Ungan et al, 1997) correlating with psychophysical measures of sound lateralization (Furst et al, 1985(Furst et al, , 1990(Furst et al, , 1995(Furst et al, , 2000.…”