Cellular Growth in Iron-Deficient Rats: Effect of Pre- and Postweaning Iron Repletion

Kochanowski, Barbara A.; Sherman, Adria Rothman

doi:10.1093/jn/115.2.279

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Fecal moisture content, expressed inversely as dry matter content, revealed that ID pigs had a 50% more moisture in feces compared with CONT pigs, thus it is possible that diarrhea was present, possibly associated with the higher levels of Escherichia / Shigella detected in ID pigs. It is also well-established that ID and IDA can lead to diminished immune function and higher susceptibility to pathogens (50, 51). Despite being iron-requiring bacteria, the greater susceptibility of ID pigs to illness may also contribute with the higher amount of Escherichia/Shigella observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-Life Iron Deficiency and Subsequent Repletion Alters Development of the Colonic Microbiota in the Pig

et al. 2019

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Background: Iron deficiency is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency worldwide, affecting over two billion people. Early-life iron deficiency may alter the developing microbiota, which may or may not be reversible with subsequent dietary iron repletion. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether early-life iron deficiency and subsequent repletion alter colonic microbial composition and fermentation end-product concentrations in pigs. Methods: Forty-two male pigs received either control (CONT, 21.3 mg Fe/L) or iron-deficient (ID, 2.72 mg Fe/L) milk replacer treatments from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 32. Subsequently, 20 pigs continued through a series of age-appropriate, iron-adequate diets from PND 33 to 61. Contents from the ascending colon (AC) and rectum (feces) were collected at PND 32 and/or 61. Assessments included microbiota composition by 16S rRNA sequencing and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations by gas chromatography methods. Data were analyzed using a 1-way ANOVA and PERMANOVA to assess the main effects of early-life iron status on all outcomes. Results: In AC samples, 15 genera differed ( P < 0.05) between ID and CONT pigs, while 27 genera differed ( P < 0.05) in fecal samples at PND 32. Early-life ID pigs had higher ( P = 0.012) relative abundance of Lactobacillus in AC samples compared with CONT pigs. In feces, ID pigs had lower ( P < 0.05) relative abundances of Bacteroides and Clostridium from the families of Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae. At PND 61, only two genera differed between treatment groups in AC samples, with ID pigs having a higher ( P = 0.043) relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and lower ( P = 0.047) relative abundance of Prevotella . Beta diversity differed at PND 32 in both AC and feces between CONT and ID pigs but no differences remained at PND 61. At PND 32, the total VFA concentration was higher in ID pigs compared with CONT pigs in both AC ( P = 0.003) and feces ( P = 0.001), but no differences in VFA concentrations persisted to PND 61. Conclusion: Early-life iron status influenced microbial composition and VFA concentrations within the large intestine, but these differences were largely normalized following subsequent dietary iron repletion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-Life Iron Deficiency and Subsequent Repletion Alters Development of the Colonic Microbiota in the Pig

et al. 2019

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“…Numerous studies of iron status conducted in developing countries have used biomarkers of inflammation to determine the influence of this inflammation on markers of iron-status [ 27 – 29 ]. SF is an acute phase reactant which is elevated during inflammation [ 30 ]. These associations could be a result of the weight differences observed to be higher in girls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between iron status and white blood cell counts in African schoolchildren of the North-West Province, South Africa

Onabanjo¹,

Jerling²,

Covic³

et al. 2012

JEGH

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Iron deficiency with or without anemia is associated with increased susceptibility to infection owing to impaired immune function; this study aimed to examine the associations between markers of iron status and white blood cell counts in African schoolchildren. This cross-sectional study is part of the larger BeForMi study done in the North-West province of South Africa. A total of 556 African schoolchildren (aged 7-10 years) were recruited from the three schools participating in the BeForMi multiple micronutrient intervention study. Demographic information of the children was obtained from their parents/caregivers/guardians in the language of choice using validated questionnaires. Anthropometric indices (weight and height), iron status parameters, hematological parameters (hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), total and differential white blood cell counts) were measured using standard procedures. No significant gender differences were observed in most of the iron markers and hematological parameters except in C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.004) and eosinophils (p=0.042) which were higher in boys while RBC (p=0.018) and Hb (p=0.023) levels were higher in girls. No relationships were observed between the different iron markers and differential white blood cell counts. A positive correlation was observed between serum ferritin (SF) and CRP in girls only (r=0.336, p<0.01), and a positive correlation between SF and mean cell volume (MCV) in boys only (r=0.197, p<0.01). In both genders, no correlations were observed between the different iron markers and the differential white blood cell counts. The study revealed no associations between iron status and differential white blood cell counts in children that participated in the BeForMi study calling for more studies to be done in the area of the significance of iron supplementation in healthy children.

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“…Increased haeme concentrations may subsequently improve iron utilization because haeme iron is utilized much better than nonhaeme iron (Morris, 1987). Kochanowski and Sherman (1985) noted that iron nutrition can affect development of cell-mediated immunity. In addition, other functions such as iron involvement in proper enzymatic function of immune cells and regulation of cytokine production were also reviewed by Beard (2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of δ-aminolevulinic acid for livestock: blood characteristics and immune organ weight in broilers

et al. 2008

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A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on blood characteristics and immune organ weight in broilers. One-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments with six replicates of 20 chickens each. Treatments were basal diet supplemented with 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg ALA. The two-phase experimental diets were formulated to meet the NRC requirements for chicks and fed for 5 weeks. Growth performance was not affected by supplementation of ALA during any of the experimental periods. Blood cell counts (WBC, RBC and lymphocyte), serum total protein, albumin, iron concentrations, and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were also not infl uenced by dietary treatments. Haemoglobin concentration tended to increase with an increased ALA supplementation level (linear effect; P<0.10). Dietary ALA addition did not infl uence liver weight. However, spleen and bursa of fabricius weights were increased with the increased ALA supplementation level (linear effect; P<0.05). The current data indicate that supplementation of ALA in commercial broiler diets could partly improve haemoglobin concentration and immune organ weights, without infl uencing growth performance and other blood characteristics of broilers.

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Cellular Growth in Iron-Deficient Rats: Effect of Pre- and Postweaning Iron Repletion

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

Early-Life Iron Deficiency and Subsequent Repletion Alters Development of the Colonic Microbiota in the Pig

Early-Life Iron Deficiency and Subsequent Repletion Alters Development of the Colonic Microbiota in the Pig

Association between iron status and white blood cell counts in African schoolchildren of the North-West Province, South Africa

Utilization of δ-aminolevulinic acid for livestock: blood characteristics and immune organ weight in broilers

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