Cellular immune response of pigeons in the conditions of endotoxin fever and pyrogenic tolerance

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate changes in selected parameters of cellular immune response in the conditions of endotoxin fever and pyrogenic tolerance in pigeons. On the first day of observation the experimental birds (n=18) were intravenously injected with Escherichia coli LPS at a dose of 10 μg/kg b.w., while the control animals (n=6) received apyrogenic physiological saline also in the form of injection. On the second and the third day of the experiment LPS was injected additionally at 24 h intervals. Four and a half hours after the saline and pyrogen administration blood samples were collected from the control and experimental pigeons. The following immunological assays were performed: WBC, leucogram and immunophenotyping of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood, i.e. CD 3 + (T lymphocytes), CD 4 + (T helper lymphocytes) and CD 8 + (T suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes) cells. In the conditions of endotoxin fever (i.e. after the first LPS injection) leucopenia, monocytopenia, heterophilia and eosinophilia were observed. Additionally, the immunophenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes indicated an increase in percentage of CD 3 + , CD 4 + and CD 8 + cells in response to the single injection of LPS. In contrast, the consecutive injections of LPS, which created a pyrogenic tolerance effect, caused a decrease in WBC value, heteropenia, eosinopenia and lymphocytosis. Moreover, during this state an increase in percentage of CD 3 + and CD 8 + cells was demonstrated in contrast to the percentage of CD 4 + lymphocytes. The general tendencies in cellular immune response of the affected pigeons in the conditions of endotoxin fever and pyrogenic tolerance aim at activation of defence mechanisms against LPS for its prompt elimination from the animal's organism.

The effect of different doses of methisoprinol on the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subpopulation and the antibody titers in pigeons immunised against PPMV-1

“…Blood was sampled directly to K 2 EDTA-coated tubes and spleens were taken during the anatomopathological examination. Blood samples were prepared in accordance with the procedure described by Dudek (2011); spleen leukocytes for cytometry were obtained in accordance with the procedure described by Stenzel et al (2008). The percentage of CD4 + and CD8 + cells were read out in a lymphocyte gate and the results were analysed with the System II software.…”

Intestinal microbial ecology and hematological parameters of broiler fed cassava waste pulp fermented with Acremonium charticola

“…The heterophils in control birds were by far lower from the standard of heterophils in chickens (30.1%, [20]). It has been reported in pigeons that infection (consecutive injection with E. coli LPS) resulted in decreased number of heterophils (heteropenia) [22]. The latter authors further suggested that acute infection may increase migration of most heterophils from circulation into tissues resulting in decreased proportion of heterophils in the blood.…”

“…[21] suggested that the increased numbers of lymphocytes (lymphocytosis) can be an indicator of acute infection and internal stress in chickens. Concomitant with the latter authors, Dudek and Bednarek [22] reported that the consecutive injection with E. coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) resulted in lymphocytosis in pigeons. In this study, the concentration of globulin was higher in the serum of control birds when compared especially with the birds fed AC-FCP.…”

Kynurenine Pathway—An Underestimated Factor Modulating Innate Immunity in Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury?

“…The mice with endotoxin tolerance had increased numbers of Kupffer cells, neutrophils and an increase in phagocytosis of bacteria [ 170 ]. In pigeons, a reduction of leukocytes and eosinophils occurs together with an increase in lymphocytes [ 171 ]. Moreover, the endotoxin tolerance did not prevent the early TLRs signalling; nonetheless, it limited the later development of the inflammatory systemic disease.…”