Cellular Immune Responsiveness of Uveitis Patients to Retinal S-Antigen

Nussenblatt, Robert B.; Gery, Igal; Ballintine, Elmer J.; Wacker, Waldon B.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(80)90108-7

Cited by 185 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The Ocular lesions were Similar to those reported in Behcet's disease in man, which is characterized by lymphomononuclear uveitis and retinal vasculitis with activation of both T-cells and B-cells associated with specific histocompatibility 10ci.I~ The ocular reaction in our cases was also similar to that seen in cell-mediated experimental allergic uveitis in response to S-antigen,'. 18,23328 although the histologic character of the lesions may vary with the amount of S-antigen.29 Evidence for primary retinal involvement and a secondary release of sequestered retinal antigen was not adduced from the present study. This precludes a comparison with the chronic response seen in neonatal rats infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in which there is primary infection of photoreceptor cells and a cell-mediated response to sequestered antigen.4 The vasculitis of malignant catarrhal fever is also similar to an experimental autoimmune T-cell mediated vasculitis in mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Ocular Lesions of Bovine Malignant Catarrhal Fever

et al. 1985

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The ocular lesions of bovine malignant catarrhal fever were characterized in 15 naturally occumng and eight experimentally induced cases of the disease. Consistent findings included: lymphocytic vasculitis of retinal, scleral, posterior ciliary, and uveal vessels; uveitis, especially involving ciliary processes, ciliary body, and iris; and keratitis with corneal edema, neovascularization, and epithelial and endothelial degeneration. Lymphocytic ciliary neuritis and optic meningitis were found less frequently. Ultrastructural examination of the ciliary body and iris from one experimental calf confirmed that most infiltrating mononuclear cells were lymphocytes. The uveitis, vasculitis, and keratitis of malignant catarrhal fever were probably immune-mediated.Malignant catarrhal fever is a viral pansystemic vasculopathic disease affecting cloven-hooved animals. In cytes from clinically affected animals were injected intraperitoneally or intravenously into Holstein-Fresian calves. Calves late (4) stages of clinical involvement. Clinical stages were response, lymph node enlargement, degree of ocular and nasal involvement, and physical debilitation.For light microscopic examination, eyes were removed from the orbit, trimmed of extraocular tissue, fixed in Zenker's acetic acid solution, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 6 to 8 Fm, and stained with either hematoxylin, phloxine, and safranin or hematoxylin and eosin (HE).Tissues from one experimental calf were available for ultrastructural examination. Detailed procedures were previously reported.'' Briefly, tissue was immersion-fixed in Sorensen's phosphate-buffered 3% glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in 2% 0s-mium tetroxide, dehydrated in ethanol and acetone, and embedded in epon. Thick sections were cut with glass knives and stained with azure 11-methylene blue. Thin sections (silver) were cut with a diamond knife, placed on 100 mesh copper grids, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and examined in an Africa, a virus has been proven to be the etiologic were necroPsied during the early (2 animals), middle (219 O r agent20 and is as an alcelaphine hemesvirus-determined by the occurrence and duration of the febrile 7 based Won the classification Of the in the subfamily Alcelaphinae. 25 In the United States, a specific etiologic agent has not yet been isolated from naturally occurring cases.27Ophthalmic lesions of malignant catarrhal fever have been described in the German 1iterature,l2 but only brief descriptions have appeared in the English literature. ', I5 We review ocular lesions in 15 spontaneous and eight experimentally induced cases of malignant catarrhal fever as a basis for the consideration of pathogenetic mechanisms that may be involved in the genesis of ocular lesions in this disease. Materials and MethodsNatural cases of bovine malignant catarrhal fever that occurred between 1971 and 1983 were selected from the Colorado State University pathology archives. These cases involved beef and dairy cattle and included females and castrated males from ...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Ocular Lesions of Bovine Malignant Catarrhal Fever

et al. 1985

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The patient also had a positive proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to retinal S-antigen in vitro. Although Santigen immune response is not unique to patients with BSCR and could also occur in patients with other forms of uveitis, including nonimmune inherited retinal diseases (23), S-antigen is considered a model autoantigen in BSCR (8,(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). The general BSCR pathogenic features are similar to those observed in S-antigen-induced experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in monkey (29,30).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous retinopathy in HLA-A29 transgenic mice

Szpak

Vieville

Tabary

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Humans who have inherited the class I major histocompatibility allele HLA-A29 have a markedly increased relative risk of developing the eye disease termed birdshot chorioretinopathy. This disease affecting adults is characterized by symmetrically scattered, small, cream-colored spots in the fundus associated with retinal vasculopathy and inflammatory signs causing damage to the ocular structures, leading regularly to visual loss. To investigate the role of HLA-A29 in this disease, we introduced the HLA-A29 gene into mice. Aging HLA-A29 transgenic mice spontaneously developed retinopathy, showing a striking resemblance to the HLA-A29-associated chorioretinopathy. These results strongly suggest that HLA-A29 is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. Elucidation of the role of HLA-A29 should be assisted by this transgenic model.

show abstract

“…Arrestin, also known as S-antigen or 48 kDa-protein, is a very abundant soluble protein found in the vertebrate retinal and pineal photoreceptors (35,36). Human and bovine S-antigen are very immunogenic and have been linked to vision-threatening ocular autoimmune disorders (37,38). Recently, Kuhn and Proc.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and structure of an arrestin gene from Drosophila.

Smith

Shieh

Zuker

1990

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A Drosophila gene encoding a homologue of vertebrate arrestin was isolated by subtractive hybridization and identified as a member of a set of genes that are preferentially expressed in the visual system. This gene encodes a 364-amino acid protein that displays >40% amino acid sequence identity with human and bovine arrestin. Interestingly, the Drosophila homologue lacks the C-terminal sequences that were postulated to interact with rhodopsin during the quenching of the phototransduction cascade in the vertebrate visual response. These findings are discussed in terms of invertebrate phototransduction. The Drosophila gene was mapped cytogenetically to chromosomal position 36D1-2, near the ninaD locus. However, the arrestin gene does not appear to be the ninaD locus, as sequence analysis of three ethylmethane sulfateinduced ninaD mutant alleles reveals no alteration in amino acid sequence.Phototransduction is the process that converts the energy of an absorbed photon into a change of the ionic permeabilities of the photoreceptor cell membrane. This light-induced change in ionic conductances gives rise to the receptor potential and synaptic activity of the photoreceptor cell. The mechanism of visual excitation in vertebrate photoreceptors is the best understood of all sensory transduction processes (1-4). Light activation of rhodopsin is the first step in the visual response. In the vertebrate, photoactivated rhodopsin molecules activate a guanine nucleotide-binding (G) protein, transducin, which in turn activates a cGMP phosphodiesterase. The reduction of intracellular levels of cGMP leads to the transient closure of a cGMP-gated cation-selective channel and hyperpolarization of the photoreceptor cell.Unlike vertebrates, the microvillar photoreceptors of invertebrates depolarize in response to light and thus open their cation-selective channels. The identity of the intracellular transmitter(s) that mediates excitation in invertebrates has eluded firm identification. Similarly, the enzyme cascade that triggers the visual response has not been defined. However, there is a large body of physiological, genetic, and biochemical work that has strongly implicated calcium and inositol phospholipid metabolism in excitation of dipteran and Limulus photoreceptors (5-7). It is believed that photoactivated rhodopsin interacts with a G protein, which in turn activates a phospholipase C. Phospholipase C would then catalyze the generation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and the subsequent mobilization of calcium from intracellular storage sites. The transient increase in calcium levels (or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate) would then lead to the opening of a cation-selective channel and the generation of a depolarizing receptor potential. Strong support for this model was recently provided by the demonstration that the Drosophila no-receptor potential A (norpA) gene encodes a phospholipase C that is abundantly expressed in the adult retina (8,9

show abstract

Cellular Immune Responsiveness of Uveitis Patients to Retinal S-Antigen

Cited by 185 publications

References 12 publications

Ocular Lesions of Bovine Malignant Catarrhal Fever

Ocular Lesions of Bovine Malignant Catarrhal Fever

Spontaneous retinopathy in HLA-A29 transgenic mice

Isolation and structure of an arrestin gene from Drosophila.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About