Cellular Interleukin Enhancer-Binding Factor 2, ILF2, Inhibits Japanese Encephalitis Virus Replication In Vitro

Cui, Xiaofang; Qian, Ping; Rao, Tingting; Wei, Yanming; Zhao, Fang; Zhang, Huawei; Chen, Huanchun; Li, Xiangmin

doi:10.3390/v11060559

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Among the BmTCTP interactions, it was shown that BmILF, the only one immune molecule, is able to interact with TCTP-WT but not with TCTP-K164R, which gives us an exciting clue to understand the immunity function of BmTCTP. The human ILF homologue has been demonstrated as an important host cellular protein that exerts a negatively regulatory effect on the replication of various viruses (53,55,57). Our result also showed that overexpression of the silkworm BmILF significantly inhibited virus replication.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Indeed, previous studies have demonstrated that human interleukin enhancer binding factor 2 (ILF2) is considered as an important host cellular protein, which exerts a negatively regulatory effect on the replication of various viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) (53)(54)(55)(56)(57). To further characterize the correlation between BmTCTP and BmILF and whether the silkworm BmILF was able to regulate BmNPV replication, we investigated their functions in the response to BmNPV infection.…”

Section: Bmtctp Regulated Bmilf Expression and Inhibited Viral Replic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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SUMOylation of Translationally Regulated Tumor Protein Modulates Its Immune Function

Lü

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is a highly conserved protein possessing numerous biological functions and molecular interactions, ranging from cell growth to immune responses. However, the molecular mechanism by which TCTP regulates immune function is largely unknown. Here, we found that knockdown of Bombyx mori translationally controlled tumor protein (BmTCTP) led to the increased susceptibility of silkworm cells to virus infection, whereas overexpression of BmTCTP significantly decreased the virus replication. We further demonstrated that BmTCTP could be modified by SUMOylation molecular BmSMT3 at the lysine 164 via the conjugating enzyme BmUBC9, and the stable SUMOylation of BmTCTP by expressing BmTCTP-BmSMT3 fusion protein exhibited strong antiviral activity, which confirmed that the SUMOylation of BmTCTP would contribute to its immune responses. Further work indicated that BmTCTP is able to physically interact with interleukin enhancer binding factor (ILF), one immune molecular, involved in antivirus, and also induce the expression of BmILF in response to virus infection, which in turn enhanced antiviral activity of BmTCTP. Altogether, our present study has provided a novel insight into defending against virus via BmTCTP SUMOylation signaling pathway and interacting with key immune molecular in silkworm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Bmtctp Regulated Bmilf Expression and Inhibited Viral Replic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

SUMOylation of Translationally Regulated Tumor Protein Modulates Its Immune Function

Lü

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…The expression profiles of immune-related genes, including the IL-1β , IL-8 , IL-10 , TNF-α , ALF and TOR of L. vannamei fed with CpG 1826, CpG 1681, CpG 2006, CpG 8954, CpG M362, CpG 1585, and CpG 2143 exhibited significant upregulation. An interleukin ( IL ) system is essential for the proper regulation of T cell proliferation accompanied with an antigen encounter, as well as the modulation of apoptosis ( 39 ). Additionally, the IL family was well documented in invertebrates for its crucial roles in regulating innate immune system, such as in Chinese mitten crab ( 40 ) and in L. vannamei ( 41 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of the impact of dietary supplementation with different types of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) on enhancing intestinal microbiota diversity, antioxidant capacity, and immune-related gene expression profiles in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Wang

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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The CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) reportedly possess the capacity to strengthen immunity in mammals. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of dietary supplementation with 17 types of CpG ODNs on intestinal microbiota diversity, antioxidant capacity, and immune-related gene expression profiles of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Diets including 50 mg kg-1 CpG ODNs wrapped in egg whites were prepared and divided into 17 different groups, with 2 control groups (normal feed and feed with egg whites). These CpG ODNs supplemented diets and the control diets were fed to L. vannamei (5.15 ± 0.54 g) three times daily at 5%-8% shrimp body weight for three weeks. The results of consecutive detection of intestinal microbiota by 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that 11 of the 17 types of CpG ODNs significantly enhanced intestinal microbiota diversity, increased the populations of several probiotic bacteria, and activated possible mechanisms relevant to diseases. The immune-related genes expression and antioxidant capacity in hepatopancreas further demonstrated that the 11 types of CpG ODNs effectively improved the innate immunity of shrimp. Additionally, histology results showed that the CpG ODNs in the experiment did not damage the tissue structure of hepatopancreas. The results suggest that CpG ODNs could be used as a trace supplement to improve the intestinal health and immunity of shrimp.

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“…The ILF2/ILF3 complex is a crucial regulatory factor involved in apoptosis [ 14 ], DNA repair [ 15 ], gene transcription [ 16 ], microRNA processing [ 17 , 18 ], mRNA translation [ 19 ], and host defense [ 20 ]. In addition, the ILF2/ILF3 heterodimer was reported to regulate the replication process of numerous viruses, such as hepatitis C virus [ 21 ], infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) [ 22 ], poliovirus [ 23 ], influenza virus [ 24 ], dengue virus [ 25 ], human immunodeficiency virus type 1 [ 26 ], human T-cell leukemia virus [ 27 ], porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) [ 28 ], and Japanese encephalitis virus [ 29 ]. Interestingly, ILF2 functions as both a negative regulator [ 28 , 29 ] and a positive regulator [ 26 ] in the viral replication process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-2 enhancer binding factor 2 negatively regulates the replication of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 by disrupting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity of 3D polymerase

An,

Yu,

et al. 2024

Vet Res

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The interaction between viral components and cellular proteins plays a crucial role in viral replication. In a previous study, we showed that the 3′—untranslated region (3′—UTR) is an essential element for the replication of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1). However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. To gain a deeper understanding of this mechanism, we used an RNA pull-down and a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry assay to identify new host factors that interact with the 3′—UTR. We selected interleukin-2 enhancer binding factor 2 (ILF2) for further analysis. We showed that ILF2 interacts specifically with both the 3′—UTR and the 3D polymerase (3Dpol) of DHAV-1 through in vitro RNA pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays, respectively. We showed that ILF2 negatively regulates viral replication in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs), and that its overexpression in DEFs markedly suppresses DHAV-1 replication. Conversely, ILF2 silencing resulted in a significant increase in viral replication. In addition, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity of 3Dpol facilitated viral replication by enhancing viral RNA translation efficiency, whereas ILF2 disrupted the role of RdRP in viral RNA translation efficiency to suppress DHAV-1 replication. At last, DHAV-1 replication markedly suppressed the expression of ILF2 in DEFs, duck embryo hepatocytes, and different tissues of 1 day-old ducklings. A negative correlation was observed between ILF2 expression and the viral load in primary cells and different organs of young ducklings, suggesting that ILF2 may affect the viral load both in vitro and in vivo.

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Cellular Interleukin Enhancer-Binding Factor 2, ILF2, Inhibits Japanese Encephalitis Virus Replication In Vitro

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

SUMOylation of Translationally Regulated Tumor Protein Modulates Its Immune Function

SUMOylation of Translationally Regulated Tumor Protein Modulates Its Immune Function

Comparative study of the impact of dietary supplementation with different types of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) on enhancing intestinal microbiota diversity, antioxidant capacity, and immune-related gene expression profiles in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Interleukin-2 enhancer binding factor 2 negatively regulates the replication of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 by disrupting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity of 3D polymerase

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