Cellular Response to 3‐D Printed Bioactive Silicate and Borosilicate Glass Scaffolds

Abstract

The repair and regeneration of loaded segmental bone defects is a challenge for both materials and biomedical science communities. Our recent work demonstrated the capability of bioactive glass in supporting bone healing and defect bridging using a rabbit femur segmental defect model without growth factors or bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Here in the current work, a comprehensive in vitro evaluation of bioactive silicate (13-93) and borosilicate (2B6Sr) glass scaffolds was conducted to provide further understanding of their biological performances and to establish a correlation between in vitro and in vivo behaviors. Our in vitro evaluation using a murine MC3T3-E1 cell line confirmed the capability of both scaffolds to support cell attachment, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) formation, and to stimulate mineral deposition and osteoblast marker gene expression. In particular, borosilicate (2B6Sr) glass showed a better capability in supporting the mineralization and gene expression than silicate (13-93) glass, consistent with a faster bone healing ability in vivo. The current in vitro results, combined with our previous in vivo findings, provide a strong basis for the further translational evaluation of bioactive glass scaffolds and for potential preclinical practice. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B, 2018.

A Chemical Approach to Optimizing Bioactive Glass Dental Composites

“…Bioactive glass (BAG) is a unique material that was recently suggested for a variety of applications in medicine and dentistry (Jones 2013), including stimulating bone formation (Jia et al 2018), desensitizing teeth (Wang et al 2010; Mitchell et al 2011; Lopez et al 2017), remineralizing white spot lesions (Bakry et al 2018), and restoring teeth (Par et al 2018). BAG was also recently suggested as an additive to resin-based dental composites for the purpose of releasing metal ions and influencing the formation of oral biofilms (Xu et al 2015; Khvostenko et al 2016).…”

Bioprinting Technologies and Bioinks for Vascular Model Establishment

“…In addition to the synthetic and natural polymers, bioactive glasses (BGs) have also been used in vascular 3D bioprinting, because some BGs have the properties to enhance angiogenesis [153][154][155][156]. Early in 2005, Day et al showed that the conditioned medium, collected from fibroblasts and seeded with alginate beads containing 0.1 wt.% 45S5 glass particles, could increase endothelial cell proliferation rate and tubule formation phenomenon [157].…”

“…Human fibroblasts, coated with 45S5 glass particles (<5 µm), could secrete large amounts of VEGFs and basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGFs). In 2019, Jia et al used extrusion-printed bioactive silicate and borosilicate (2B6Sr) glass scaffolds to culture MC3T3-E1 mouse pre-osteoblasts in vitro [155]. The results demonstrated that both the scaffolds were supported by VEGF assay with the capabilities for improving cells to attach, and promoting angiogenesis.…”

Vascularization Strategies in the Prevention of Nonunion Formation

“…The ability of bioactive glass to promote angiogenesis was further confirmed in an in vitro study by measuring elevated VEGF levels in a MC3T3-E1 line of murine preosteoblastic cells seeded on glass scaffolds. 121 In a recent study, Wu et al 122 developed an injectable hydrogel with copper-containing bioactive glass nanoparticles. The resulting gel triggered the growth of seeded MC3T3-E1 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and fully restored bone defects with the formation of vascularized bone tissue in a critical-size rat calvarial bone defect model.…”