Cellulose-Acetate-Based Films Modified with Ag2O and ZnS as Nanocomposites for Highly Controlling Biological Behavior for Wound Healing Applications

Abstract

For wound healing, functional films with certain physicochemical and biological properties are needed. Thus, the current work aimed to fabricate multifunctional materials comprising metal oxide nanoparticles loaded with an efficient polymer to be used as dressing material. A composite containing polymeric phases of cellulose acetate (CA) blended with zinc sulfide (ZnS), silver oxide (Ag2O), and graphene oxide (GO) was successfully synthesized. The prepared composite crystallinity was studied using the X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). Further, the functional groups and the elemental analysis were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Furthermore, the surface morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to obtain the shape and size of particles. SEM showed that the particles were formed in wide distribution in the range of 18–915 nm with an average size of 235 nm for Ag2O/ZnS/GO/CA. The particle size of Ag2O in the CA film was in the range between 19 and 648 nm with an average size of 216 nm, while the particle size of ZnS in CA was in the range of 12–991 nm with an average age particle size of 158 mm. In addition, EDX, based on SEM investigation, detected high carbon and oxygen quantities at around 94.21% of the composite. The contact angle decreased and reached 26.28° ± 2.12° in Ag2O/ZnS/CA. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to investigate the thermal stability, and the composition was thermally stable until 300 °C. Moreover, the cell viability of “normal lung cells” reached 102.66% in vitro at a concentration of 1250 µg/mL. The antibacterial activity of Ag2O/ZnS/GO/CA was also detected against E. coli with a zone of inhibition reaching 17.7 ± 0.5 mm. Therefore, the composite can be used in biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility and antibacterial activity.

Titanium Dioxide/Chromium Oxide/Graphene Oxide Doped into Cellulose Acetate for Medical Applications

“…Regarding Cr 2 O 3 peaks upon the Cr 2 O 3 @CA binary composition, the high intense characteristic peaks at 24.1 and 33.2° is attributed to their existence. Concerning the TiO 2 @CA film, high intense peaks of (1 0 1), (0 0 4), (2 0 0), (1 0 5), (2 0 4), and (1 1 6), are located at 2θ = 25.1°, 37.7°, 48.0°, 55.1°, 62.7°, and 68.5°, respectively, which correspond to anatase TiO 2 compositions [ 1 ].…”

“…The noticeable resultant peaks are sharp because of the high sintering temperature during merged oxides preparation. Additionally, the cellulose acetate peak decreased in intensity upon binary NC formation that indicated the successful incorporation of transition metal oxides [ 1 ]. GO peak is hidden in Cr 2 O 3 /TiO 2 /GO@CA film owing to the interruption of its 2D crystal lattice by inserting the rest of the composition.…”

“…This peak is attributed to the stretching mode of the OH group, and changes in its appearance reflect the H-bond between CA and metal oxides, which indicates the film’s compatibility [ 20 ]. The GO characteristic peaks at 1150 and 1520 cm −1 are assigned to the C–O stretching mode [ 1 ]. Regarding Cr 2 O 3 bands , the weak band at 580 cm −1 refers to Cr–O stretching [ 21 ].…”

“…Wound healing is a complex process. It occurs in injured skin with progression through various stages, for instance, hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, according to the intensity and impact of the injury [ 1 ]. In recent times, there has been rapid growth in tissue engineering research for medical purposes which is supported by existing traditional transplant techniques.…”

“…Prakash et al, 2021, reported the CA/GO/TiO 2 /curcumin NC as an antibacterial agent against wound pathogens. Additionally, it enhances swelling and decomposition behavior which boosts wound healing [ 1 ]. Khalid et al, 2017, introduce a successful integration between TiO 2 NPs and cellulose.…”