Cellulose-based carbon fibers prepared using electron-beam stabilization

Abstract

Cellulose fibers were stabilized by treatment with an electron-beam (E-beam). The properties of the stabilized fibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The E-beam-stabilized cellulose fibers were carbonized in N 2 gas at 800°C for 1 h, and their carbonization yields were measured. The structure of the cellulose fibers was determined to have changed to hemicellulose and cross-linked cellulose as a result of the E-beam stabilization. The hemicellulose decreased the initial decomposition temperature, and the cross-linked bonds increased the carbonization yield of the cellulose fibers. Increasing the absorbed E-beam dose to 1500 kGy increased the carbonization yield of the cellulose-based carbon fiber by 27.5% upon exposure compared to untreated cellulose fibers.

Cellulose carbon fiber: plasma synthesis and characterization

“…Such a value of about 1300 °C (≈ 1573 K) is similar to the one required for the thermal carbonization. Conventional thermal process is usually conducted at 800 -1500 °C (≈ 1073 -1713 K), even if chemical reactions of degradation of cellulose are terminated by 400°C (≈ 673 K) ( Akato 2012;Kim 2016). The heating above this temperature is necessary for aromatic planes to undergo rearrangement and densification to create polycyclic structure.…”

“…However, increasing the CNT concentration beyond 0.3% does no longer affect the plateau value, probably due to a too high electronic conductivity avoiding any charge and heating effect. In comparison, typical yields for conventional thermal process are fewer than 30 % ( Akato 2012;Kim 2016). Rayon 0% CNT 0.01% CNT 0.3% CNT 0.6% CNT…”

Deacetylation of cellulose acetate nanofibers by fluorination for carbon nanofibers

“…The initial degradation temperature (IDT) decreased with an increasing fluorine partial pressure at fluorination. In general, hemicellulose (short-chain cellulose) has a poor thermal stability [15]. The XPS results showed that the C-O-C bonds, which are connected to glucose in the CA nanofiber, were decreased by fluorination.…”