Cellulose-Based Solid Electrolyte Membranes Through Microwave Assisted Regeneration and Application in Electrochromic Displays

Abstract

One of the most current trends in applied electrochemistry is the development of solid ionic conductors with electrical, mechanical, and optical properties tailored for a specific functional application. Moreover, particular interest exists in materials with low environmental impact and low cost where matters such as sustainability and recyclability are considered. In this study, these concerns were considered by developing a solidstate electrolyte based on regenerated cellulose that meets the requirements for application in electrochromic devices. This soft-matter electrolyte exhibits particularly high room temperature ionic conductivity in the range of 6.5 mS cm −1 and Young's modulus in the range 3.7 GPa. Optimized electrolyte membranes were applied to inorganic optically active films resulting in all-solid-state electrochromic devices with performances reaching a practical level, retaining its optical modulation characteristics after hundreds of cycles.

Present Status and Future Prospects of Jute in Nanotechnology: A Review

“…Furthermore, a special interest is manifested in the materials with low‐cost and low‐environmental impact on recycling and sustainability [199–201] . By considering these concerns, solid‐state electrolytes were developed from the regenerated nanocellulose that meets the conditions necessary for electrochemical applications [200–202] . Solid electrolytes have proven to be prospective candidates for advanced electrochemical applications based on their characteristics, such as flexibility, viscoelasticity, and ionic conductivity.…”

Development on Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochemical Devices

“…where d is the thickness of the electrolyte, τ 2 = 1/ω and δ = dk −1 /Aεε 0 (where ω is the angular frequency taken at the minimum value of impedance in Bode plot; k −1 is double layer capacitance; ε is dielectric constant of the electrolyte; and ε 0 is the permittivity in free space). Based on Equation ( 5), D in PVA-based polymer electrolyte containing potassium iodide salt has been calculated [6]. The k −1 value was obtained by fitting the Nyquist plot of the electrolyte.…”

“…Mazor et al [191] investigated the influence of calix [6]pyrrole on PEO-LiCF 3 SO 3 SPEs. Although the ambient conductivity was found to decrease with the addition of calix, the conductivity at 60 • C was higher than that without calix.…”

“…The SPE has been employed in Li/MoO x S y cells that exhibited a power level of 2.1 mW cm −2 at 90 • C and a discharge capacity of ~24 µAh on the 60th cycle [191]. It is said that calix [6]arene can minimize the growth of lithium dendrites and subsequently improves cell performance [192]. A similar observation wherein an increased lithium-ion transference number (t Li+ = 0.95 at 70 • C) was accompanied by conductivity decrement has been reported in PEO-LiBF 4calix [6]pyrrole system [193].…”

“…Both synthetic and natural polymers can serve as polymer matrices in SPEs as long as they have functional group(s) to fulfil the complexation criterion. Various polymer electrolytes have been developed from polymers, such as poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) [1,4,5], cellulose [6], polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) [7], poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) [8], polyacrylonitrile (PAN) [9], chitosan [10], poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) [11], starch [12] and poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) [13], to name a few. This review presents some achievements on both the synthetic polymers and biopolymers as polymer host in SPEs used, along with working and counter electrodes in various electrochemical devices namely lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, DSSCs, QDSSCs, fuel cells, supercapacitors, EDLCs, ECDs, proton-conducting batteries and proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).…”