Cellulose Dissolution and Derivatization in Lithium Chloride/N, N-Dimethylacetamide Solutions

McCormick, Charles L.; Shen, Tao

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-026337-3.50015-5

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“… c Dissolution started at 150°C and allowed to cool to 25°C after 60 min (McCormick, 1981; McCormick et al, 1985). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A nitrogen atmosphere was also used in the DMAc/LiCl dissolution experiments. The dissolution technique outlined by McCormick (1981), for 1 wt% cellulose, was employed for all cellulose and lignin dissolution experiments in DMAc/LiCl (3 wt% LiCl). The methodology was adapted to allow dissolution monitoring via optical microscopy instead of visual inspection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of optical microscopy as a screening technique for cellulose and lignin solvent systems

et al. 2011

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Rapid and facile screening techniques to determine the effectiveness of solvents for cellulose or biomass dissolution can advance biomass processing research. Here, we report the use of a simple optical microscopy method to screen potential cellulose and lignin solvents. The described methodology was used to screen the dissolution of cellulose and lignin in two imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs), two phosphonium-based ILs, as well as a N,N-dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride (DMAc/LiCl) solution in less time than other techniques. The imidazolium-based ILs and the DMAc/LiCl were found to dissolve both cellulose and lignin. Also, it was observed that one of the phosphonium-based ILs dissolved lignin and not cellulose, demonstrating a potential for biomass fractionation applications.

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“… c Dissolution started at 150°C and allowed to cool to 25°C after 60 min (McCormick, 1981; McCormick et al, 1985). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of optical microscopy as a screening technique for cellulose and lignin solvent systems

et al. 2011

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“…Therefore, the heterogeneous route from cellulose semi-crystalline solid state produces a heterogeneous polymer, composed of hydrophobic highly substituted regions corresponding to the swollen amorphous zones in cellulose and more hydrophilic regions with lower average DS. In order to produce a MC with a homogeneous chemical structure [29], cellulose is solubilized in quaternary ammonium hydroxides (TMAH) [40] or in a mixture of dimethylacetamide and lithium chloride (DMA-LiCl) [12,29,41] or NaOH/urea [42] before the etherification step. This homogeneous process leads to better accessibility of free hydroxyls and a more regular distribution of methyl substituents along the chains which favors water solubility.…”

Section: Industrial Preparation/homogeneous Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylcellulose, a Cellulose Derivative with Original Physical Properties and Extended Applications

et al. 2015

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This review covers the preparation, characterization, properties, and applications of methylcelluloses (MC). In particular, the influence of different chemical modifications of cellulose (under both heterogeneous and homogeneous conditions) is discussed in relation to the physical properties (solubility, gelation) of the methylcelluloses. The molecular weight (MW) obtained from the viscosity is presented together with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis required for the determination of the degree of methylation. The influence of the molecular weight on the main physical properties of methylcellulose in aqueous solution is analyzed. The interfacial properties are examined together with thermogelation. The surface tension and adsorption at interfaces are described: surface tension in aqueous solution is independent of molecular weight but the adsorption at the solid interface depends on the MW, the higher the MW the thicker the polymeric layer adsorbed. The two-step mechanism of gelation is confirmed and it is shown that the elastic moduli of high temperature gels are not dependent on the molecular weight but only on polymer concentration. Finally, the main applications of MC are listed showing the broad OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2015, 7 778 range of applications of these water soluble cellulose derivatives.

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“…Several kinds of nonaqueous solvents for cellulose have been investigated as reaction media for homogeneous carboxymethylation, such as N,N-dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride (DMAc/LiCl) [8,9]. Reports on carboxymethylation in DMAc/LiCl system have shown that it is possible to prepare CMC in the presence of solid NaOH particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogenous carboxymethylation of cellulose in the NaOH/urea aqueous solution

Liebert

Meister

et al. 2009

Reactive and Functional Polymers

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Cellulose Dissolution and Derivatization in Lithium Chloride/N, N-Dimethylacetamide Solutions

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Application of optical microscopy as a screening technique for cellulose and lignin solvent systems

Application of optical microscopy as a screening technique for cellulose and lignin solvent systems

Methylcellulose, a Cellulose Derivative with Original Physical Properties and Extended Applications

Homogenous carboxymethylation of cellulose in the NaOH/urea aqueous solution

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