Cellulose Recovery from Agri-Food Residues by Effective Cavitational Treatments

Verdini, Federico; Gaudino, Emanuela Calcio; Grillo, Giorgio; Tabasso, Silvia; Cravotto, Giancarlo

doi:10.3390/app11104693

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Furthermore, traditional methodologies are often time-consuming and employ toxic or dangerous organic solvents, meaning that it is important to use alternative methods for sustainable practice. Green methods include extractions using recyclable deep eutectic solvents and ionic liquids [ 31 ], electric fields, cavitation (acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation) [ 28 ], subcritical and supercritical solvent conditions, enzymes, microwaves and green solvents [ 32 ], including eco-solvents such as glycerol and limonene and natural solvents (e.g., vegetable oils, bioethanol).…”

Section: Lignin: From Extraction To Chemical Modification For Nanopar...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When ultrasound waves in the range of 20–150 kHz are applied to a liquid medium, the physical effects of cavitation, such as shockwaves and microjets, are predominant. On the other hand, ultrasound frequencies in the range of 150–2000 kHz mainly cause chemical effects due to the formation of hydroxyl radicals (HO·) in the local hotspots generated by cavitation [ 28 ]. The release of local pressure and the generation of oxidizing radicals can be exploited to disintegrate and depolymerize the macromolecular structure of lignin to obtain particles on a nanoscale level.…”

Section: Lignin: From Extraction To Chemical Modification For Nanopar...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a pretreatment step is mandatory due to the strong physical and chemical interactions between hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. Choosing a suitable sustainable biomass pretreatment method is therefore of crucial importance as it should not excessively increase costs [ 28 , 29 ]. This review presents the state of the art of lignin-derived nanoparticles for use in drug-delivery applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lignin as a Natural Carrier for the Efficient Delivery of Bioactive Compounds: From Waste to Health

et al. 2022

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Lignin is a fascinating aromatic biopolymer with high valorization potentiality. Besides its extensive value in the biorefinery context, as a renewable source of aromatics lignin is currently under evaluation for its huge potential in biomedical applications. Besides the specific antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of lignin, that depend on its source and isolation procedure, remarkable progress has been made, over the last five years, in the isolation, functionalization and modification of lignin and lignin-derived compounds to use as carriers for biologically active substances. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of the art in the field of lignin-based carrier systems, highlighting the most important results. Furthermore, the possibilities and constraints related to the physico–chemical properties of the lignin source will be reviewed herein as well as the modifications and processing required to make lignin suitable for the loading and release of active compounds.

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Section: Lignin: From Extraction To Chemical Modification For Nanopar...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lignin: From Extraction To Chemical Modification For Nanopar...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lignin as a Natural Carrier for the Efficient Delivery of Bioactive Compounds: From Waste to Health

et al. 2022

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“…However, the presence of almost 19% lignin means that it is recalcitrant to direct enzymatic hydrolysis and further fermentation to bioethanol [55]. While a range of physical, chemical, and mechanical treatments, biopretreatments, and combined treatments have recently been reported in the literature [56], mechanical treatment is preferable because of its mild and almost solventless conditions and energy savings. Due to these favorable features, an ever-growing number of research studies have been published on the effectiveness of extrusion in producing fermentable sugars from a wide range of lignocellulosic biomasses.…”

Section: Ssre Biomass Delignificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical Applications of Reactive Extrusion from Organic Synthesis to Catalytic and Active Materials

et al. 2022

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In the past, the use of mechanochemical methods in organic synthesis was reported as somewhat of a curiosity. However, perceptions have changed over the last two decades, and this technology is now being appreciated as a greener and more efficient synthetic method. The qualified “offer” of ball mills that make use of different set-ups, materials, and dimensions has allowed this technology to mature. Nevertheless, the intrinsic batch nature of mechanochemical methods hinders industrial scale-ups. New studies have found, in reactive extrusion, a powerful technique with which to activate chemical reactions with mechanical forces in a continuous flow. This new environmentally friendly mechanochemical synthetic method may be able to miniaturize production plants with outstanding process intensifications by removing organic solvents and working in a flow mode. Compared to conventional processes, reactive extrusions display high simplicity, safety, and cleanliness, which can be exploited in a variety of applications. This paper presents perspective examples in the better-known areas of reactive extrusions, including oxidation reactions, polymer processing, and biomass conversion. This work should stimulate further developments, as it highlights the versatility of reactive extrusion and the huge potential of solid-phase flow chemistry.

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“…Hemicellulose can be used to produce products such as xylose, furfural, xylitol, and xylo-oligosaccharides, and it can be further derived into biofuels, bio-based materials, and chemicals [2][3][4]. In nature, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are combined with each other and closely linked to form complex supramolecular complexes, which makes lignocellulose difficult to effectively degrade and utilize; meanwhile, the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose largely depends on the adsorption of enzymes on the substrate, while lignin can irreversibly adsorb enzymes, leading to enzyme inactivation [5]. In order to realize the conversion of lignocellulosic resources to biomass energy, the separation of cellulose and hemicellulose from lignocellulose by efficient technology is key to improve the bioconversion efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of Lignocellulose and Preparation of Xylose from Miscanthus lutarioriparius with a Formic Acid Method

Ouyang

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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Efficient component separation technology is one of the key ways to improve the efficiency of lignocellulose bioconversion. In this study, the formic acid method was used to separate the components of lignocellulose from Miscanthus Lutarioriparius, hemicellulose was degraded into xylose simultaneously, and the composition and structure of the separated components were analyzed. Then, xylose was further purified with activated carbon for decolorization and resins for the removal of formic acid and other monosaccharide impurities. The results showed that formic acid could effectively separate the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of lignocellulose with recoveries of 91.7%, 80.2%, and 85.3%, respectively. Structural analyses revealed that the cellulose and lignin underwent different degrees of formylation during the formic acid treatment, yet their primary structures remained intact, and the crystallinity of cellulose increased significantly. By GC–MS and HPLC analysis, xylose was the main component of hemicellulose extract, accounting for 74.90%. The activated carbon treatment decolorized the xylose extract more than 93.66% and gave a xylose recovery of 88.58%. D301 resin could effectively remove more than 99% of the formic acid residue in xylose. The xylose extract was further purified by removing arabinose and other monosaccharide impurities with Dowex 50wx4 resin, which increased the purity to 95%. The results demonstrated that the formic acid method is an effective method to separate lignocellulose and prepare xylose, and it has broad application prospects in the field of bio-refining lignocellulose resources such as Miscanthus Lutarioriparius

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Cellulose Recovery from Agri-Food Residues by Effective Cavitational Treatments

Cited by 34 publications

References 123 publications

Lignin as a Natural Carrier for the Efficient Delivery of Bioactive Compounds: From Waste to Health

Lignin as a Natural Carrier for the Efficient Delivery of Bioactive Compounds: From Waste to Health

Mechanochemical Applications of Reactive Extrusion from Organic Synthesis to Catalytic and Active Materials

Separation of Lignocellulose and Preparation of Xylose from Miscanthus lutarioriparius with a Formic Acid Method

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