Cellulosic/synthetic fibre reinforced polymer hybrid composites: A review

Jawaid, Mohammad; Khalil, H. P. S. Abdul

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.04.043

Cited by 1,224 publications

(577 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Natural fiber reinforced composites have shown significant importance in the composite industry and the good reinforcing potential of these fibers has led to extensive use of these composites in automotive applications (Jawaid and Abdul Khalil 2011;La Mantia and Morreale 2011;Faruk et al 2012;Bledzki and Gassan 1999;Koronis et al 2013;Puglia et al 2005). The use of cellulosic fibers obtained from bast, leaf, seed, wood, straw and grass as reinforcements in plastics has increased in recent decades (Faruk et al 2012;Ramamoorthy et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the hydrophilicity due to the cellulosic hydroxyl groups and surface unevenness make natural fibers less preferred over synthetic fibers such as glass fibers in more demanding composite applications. The mechanical processing from field to fiber includes several stages (growing, field retting, scotching, hackling, carding and spinning), this makes the processing both costly, and also prone to quality fluctuations (Jawaid and Abdul Khalil 2011;Faruk et al 2012). Regenerated or partly man-made cellulose fibers do not have these drawbacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of biocomposites from surface modified regenerated cellulose fibers and lactic acid thermoset bioresin

et al. 2015

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The effect of surface treatments, silane and alkali, on regenerated cellulose fibers was studied by using the treated fibers as reinforcement in lactic acid thermoset bioresin. The surface treatments were performed to improve the physico-chemical interactions at the fiber-matrix interface. Tensile, flexural and impact tests were used as indicator of the improvement of the interfacial strength. Furthermore, thermal conductivity, viscoelasticity measurements as well as microscopy images were made to characterize the fiber surface treatments and the effect on adhesion to the matrix. The results showed that silane treatment improved the mechanical properties of the composites as the silane molecule acts as link between the cellulose fiber and the resin (the fiber bonds with siloxane bridge while the resin bonds with organofunctional group of the bi-functional silane molecule) which gives molecular continuity in the interphase of the composite. Porosity volume decreased significantly on silane treatment due to improved interface and interlocking between fiber and matrix. Decrease in water absorption and increase in contact angle confirmed the change in the hydrophilicity of the composites. The storage modulus increased when the reinforcements were treated with silane whereas the damping intensity decreased for the same composites indicating a better adhesion between fiber and matrix on silane treatment. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the thermal stability of the reinforcement altered after treatments. The resin curing was followed using differential scanning calorimetry and the necessity for post-curing was recommended. Finite element analysis was used to predict the thermal behavior of the composites and a non-destructive resonance analysis was performed to ratify the modulus obtained from tensile testing. The changes were also seen on composites reinforced with alkali treated fiber. Microscopy images confirmed the good adhesion between the silane treated fibers and the resin at the interface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of biocomposites from surface modified regenerated cellulose fibers and lactic acid thermoset bioresin

et al. 2015

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“…It was observed that Tg value of treated fiber was higher and increases with the increase in crystallinity of the fiber. Figure 3 shows the DTA curves were all wood fibers (either treated or untreated fibers) exhibited two exothermic peaks overlapping with regions of weight loss (Jawaid and Khalil, 2011 The untreated rubber wood fiber started to degrade at 331°C were as this temperature was increased to 340 and 344°C for FT2 and FT1 samples, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that a treated fiber were having a higher decomposition temperature as compared to untreated fiber (Li and Pickering, 2008).…”

Section: Microstructure Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Physical and Chemical Properties of Rubber Wood (Hevea brasiliensis) Fiber by Laccase

Mahmood¹,

Sulaiman²,

Hashim³

et al. 2015

Asian J. of Agricultural Research

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Cellulose and lignin are the two most abundant polymers found in plant cells. Cellulose microfibrils provide mechanical properties to woody cell whereas, hemicelluloses and lignin act as glue in between the crystalline cellulose. Cellulose crystallinity directly affects the physico-chemical behavior of the individual fiber such as modulus, hardness, stiffness, tensile and swelling-shrinkage properties and ultimately to its product. This study aims to improve the physico-chemical properties of rubber wood fiber by laccase hydrolysis in order to improve the crystalline structure. Two different times of reactions i.e., 60 and 120 min were applied at constant temperature 25°C, enzyme concentration 7 U gG 1 and pH 5. After the pulp treatment, fibers were sieved out and transferred in to autoclave at 121°C for 15 min to stop further enzyme reaction. Treated fiber was dried in electric oven drier at 80-90°C for 24 h to dry up the fiber until zero moisture content. Crystallinity index of the fiber was measured by X-ray diffraction method and it was observed maximum up to 14% higher compared to untreated fiber. The treated fiber was further analyzed for elemental composition, FE-SEM and TGA and compared with untreated fiber in order to evaluate its properties. Fiber treated with enzyme exhibited superiority in fiber surface structure and thermal degradation over untreated fibers. A fiber with improved mechanical strength and crystalline structure can be utilized for various purposes to produce high quality product.

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“…Natural fibres influenced mechanical strength due to chemical composition such as to cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin and its orientation and some other factors such as type of plant, environmental factors during growth as well as extraction methods used [9]. Usage of natural fibre can replace synthetic fibres to minimise health hazards, low density and high flexibility [10].Recently, polymer hybrid composites have become the attraction into production of mechanical stable and renewable products [11]. Polymer hybrid composites are formed by incorporating two and…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, polymer hybrid composites have become the attraction into production of mechanical stable and renewable products [11]. Polymer hybrid composites are formed by incorporating two and…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and flammability properties of kenaf and pineapple leaf fibre hybrid composites

Asim

Paridah

Jawaid

et al. 2018

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract. Pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) was hybridized with kenaf fibre in order to achieve superior physical and flammability performance. The mixing effects of kenaf fibre and pineapple leaf fibre in phenolic composites are evaluated at various fibre ratios and investigated various physical properties such as density, void content water absorption, thickness swelling and flammability. Pure kenaf fibre composite showed lowest void content, water absorption and thickness swelling while pineapple leaf fibre revealed the opposite trend. After adding pineapple leaf fibre in kenaf composites, it absorbed more moisture and developed more void contents. Density of PALF composite was lower and kenaf fibre composite was highest but PALF/kenaf hybrid composite increased density with higher PALF. The flammability of hybrid composites were analysed by using UL-94 test method. Vertical and horizontal UL-94 test conducted to analyse fire resistance of composites from different angles. Phenolic resin is itself a fire resistant polymer and the percentage of polymer in all samples are fixed though ratios of both fibres pineapple leaf fibre and kenaf were change to analyse fire resistant of fibres and compatibility with polymers. The 70 % pineapple leaf fibre and 30 % kenaf fibre hybrid composites were very affective to improve the flammability of PALF/KF hybrid composites. 1.Introduction As far as the environment is the concern, renewable resources of materials are the best alternative material of good economic potential and protection of nature, since, the renewable resources are characterized as biodegradable and recyclable, lignocellulosic fibres belong to this category [1]. Nowadays, natural fibres as reinforced material have been increased considerably due its low price compared to synthetic fibers [2]. Waste management of lignocellulosic and renewable materials and poor mechanical strength and thermal stability of polymers can be improved by developing natural fibres reinforced polymer composites [3][4][5]. Some plants fibres have potential to be applied in industries as raw materials such as pineapple, kenaf, coir, abaca, sisal, cotton, jute, bamboo, banana, Palmyra, talipot, hemp, and flex [6][7]. Pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) is one of the waste materials in agriculture sector, which is widely grown in Malaysia as well as Asia. After banana and citrus, pineapple (Ananas comosus) is one of the most essential tropical fruits in the world [8]. Natural fibres influenced mechanical strength due to chemical composition such as to cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin and its orientation and some other factors such as type of plant, environmental factors during growth as well as extraction methods used [9]. Usage of natural fibre can replace synthetic fibres to minimise health hazards, low density and high flexibility [10].Recently, polymer hybrid composites have become the attraction into production of mechanical stable and renewable products [11]. Polymer hybrid composites are formed by incorporating two and

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Cellulosic/synthetic fibre reinforced polymer hybrid composites: A review

Cited by 1,224 publications

References 149 publications

Performance of biocomposites from surface modified regenerated cellulose fibers and lactic acid thermoset bioresin

Performance of biocomposites from surface modified regenerated cellulose fibers and lactic acid thermoset bioresin

Improved Physical and Chemical Properties of Rubber Wood (Hevea brasiliensis) Fiber by Laccase

Physical and flammability properties of kenaf and pineapple leaf fibre hybrid composites

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