Cementum thickness in multirooted human molars: A histometric study by light microscopy

Štamfelj, Iztok; Vidmar, Gaj; Cvetko, Erika; Gaspersic, D

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2007.10.006

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This method can potentially remove all the available cellular cementum which has been reported to have a maximum thickness in upper molars of 25–1140 μm and 20–700 μm in lower molars [32]. Cellular cementum is generally thickest on molar teeth and is predominantly found at the root tips and between the roots [32]. The histological data from this study supported this distribution pattern and demonstrated an increase in cellularity in areas where the cementum was thickest.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

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Targeted sampling of cementum for recovery of nuclear DNA from human teeth and the impact of common decontamination measures

et al. 2013

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BackgroundTeeth are a valuable source of DNA for identification of fragmented and degraded human remains. While the value of dental pulp as a source of DNA is well established, the quantity and presentation of DNA in the hard dental tissues has not been extensively studied. Without this knowledge common decontamination, sampling and DNA extraction techniques may be suboptimal. Targeted sampling of specific dental tissues could maximise DNA profiling success, while minimising the need for laborious sampling protocols and DNA extraction techniques, thus improving workflows and efficiencies. We aimed to determine the location of cellular DNA in non-degraded human teeth to quantify the yield of nuclear DNA from cementum, the most accessible and easily sampled dental tissue, and to investigate the effect of a common decontamination method, treatment with sodium hypochlorite (bleach).We examined teeth histologically and subsequently quantified the yield of nuclear DNA from the cementum of 66 human third molar teeth. We also explored the effects of bleach (at varying concentrations and exposure times) on nuclear DNA within teeth, using histological and quantitative PCR methods.ResultsHistology confirmed the presence of nucleated cells within pulp and cementum, but not in dentine. Nuclear DNA yields from cementum varied substantially between individuals but all samples gave sufficient DNA (from as little as 20 mg of tissue) to produce full short tandem repeat (STR) profiles. Variation in yield between individuals was not influenced by chronological age or sex of the donor. Bleach treatment with solutions as dilute as 2.5% for as little as 1 min damaged the visible nuclear material and reduced DNA yields from cementum by an order of magnitude.ConclusionsCementum is a valuable, and easily accessible, source of nuclear DNA from teeth, and may be a preferred source where large numbers of individuals need to be sampled quickly (for example, mass disaster victim identification) without the need for specialist equipment or from diseased and degraded teeth, where pulp is absent. Indiscriminant sampling and decontamination protocols applied to the outer surface of teeth can destroy this DNA, reducing the likelihood of successful STR typing results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted sampling of cementum for recovery of nuclear DNA from human teeth and the impact of common decontamination measures

et al. 2013

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“…In line with previous studies, the increase in cementum width over the age groups in both PC and SC (Fig. 1e) support the model that cementum continuously grows in a systematic fashion layer by layer throughout the life of an individual [12]. However, it was identified that cementum growth is controlled with occlusal loads and absence of load can lead to super eruption due to increased apposition of secondary cementum [57].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Fiber density, calcium-to-phosphate ratio, and hardness of PC have been reported to be different than those of SC [11]. However, studies have only determined the physical properties of cementum at a single point-in-time [9–12], and the interface that it forms with dentin is minimally investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive properties of human cementum and cementum dentin junction with age

Jang

Lin

Choi

et al. 2014

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate age related changes age related changes in physical (structure/mechanical properties) and chemical (elemental/inorganic mineral content) properties of cementum layers interfacing dentin. Methods Human mandibular molars (N=43) were collected and sorted by age (younger = 19–39, middle = 40–60, older = 61–81 years). The structures of primary and secondary cementum (PC, SC) types were evaluated using light and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. Chemical composition of cementum layers were characterized through gravimetric analysis by estimating ash weight and concentrations of Ca, Mn, and Zn trace elements in the analytes through inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. The hardness of PC and SC was determined using microindentation and site-specific reduced elastic modulus properties were determined using nanoindentation techniques. Results PC contained fibrous, 1–3 µm wide hygroscopic radial PDL-inserts. SC illustrated PC-like structure adjacent to a multilayered architecture composing of regions that contained mineral dominant lamellae. The width of cementum dentin junction (CDJ) decreased as measured from cementum enamel junction (CEJ) to the tooth apex (49–21µm), and significantly decreased with age (44–23µm; p<0.05). The inorganic ratio defined as the ratio of post-burn to pre-burn increased with age within primary cementum (PC) and secondary cementum (SC). Cementum showed an increase in hardness with age (PC (0.40–0.46GPa), SC (0.37–0.43GPa)), while dentin showed a decreasing trend (coronal dentin (0.70–0.72GPa); apical dentin (0.63 – 0.73 GPa)). Significance The observed physicochemical changes are indicative of an increased mineralization of cementum and CDJ over time. Changes in tissue properties of the teeth can alter overall tooth biomechanics, and in turn the entire bone-tooth complex including the periodontal ligament. This study provides baseline information about the changes in physicochemical properties of cementum with age, which can be identified as adaptive in nature.

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“…The amount of substance removal following conventional treatments is, to date, a matter of controversy, ranging from 12 to 410 μm among different studies . Another confounding factor is the amount of pristine cementum deposited ranging between 5 and 800 μm in molar teeth . This, in turn, means that one root debridement may lead to various outcomes in different teeth or various regions on one tooth, particularly causing more or less denudation of dentinal tubules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of root surface debridement using Er:YAG Laser versus ultrasonic scaling – a SEM study

Miremadi

Cosyn

Schaubroeck

et al. 2014

Int J Dental Hygiene

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Due to excessive treatment duration and surface damage, Er:YAG laser debridement at 60 and 250 mJ pulse(-1), respectively, is not appropriate for clinical use. Although laser debridement at 100 and 160 mJ pulse(-1) seems more suitable for clinical application, compared to ultrasound the former is more time-consuming and the latter is more aggressive. Using a feedback device or lower pulse energies are recommended when using laser in closed field.

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Cementum thickness in multirooted human molars: A histometric study by light microscopy

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Targeted sampling of cementum for recovery of nuclear DNA from human teeth and the impact of common decontamination measures

Targeted sampling of cementum for recovery of nuclear DNA from human teeth and the impact of common decontamination measures

Adaptive properties of human cementum and cementum dentin junction with age

Effects of root surface debridement using Er:YAG Laser versus ultrasonic scaling – a SEM study

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