Central and peripheral thermoreceptors. Comparative analysis of the effects of prolonged adaptation to cold and noradrenaline

Abstract

This report presents results obtained from many years of study of the effects of prolonged adaptation to cold and noradrenaline on the spike activity of central hypothalamic and peripheral skin thermoreceptors. The involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in forming adaptive changes in the regulatory characteristics of temperature homeostasis and the significance of the various components of thermoreceptor activity to the formation of effector responses are discussed. The roles of different groups of thermoreceptors in forming temperature sensations are analyzed.

Cellular reactions in capillary and venous blood in northerners to a short‐term period in a climatic chamber

“…35,36 A number of authors report that local hypothermia leads to the increase in the level of catecholamines, corticosteroids, and histamines. [37][38][39][40] In the majority of the volunteers, short-term hypothermia did not influence the content of leukocytes, the activity of their migration to tissues, and the level of recirculation of lymphocytes. The reaction of inhibition of migration activity to general hypothermia was registered in 20.52% of volunteers with a significant increase in the rate of reactions in winter (27.53% and 16.51%, respectively).…”

“…The products of lipid peroxidation, that are actively involved in numerous metabolic processes, affect vascular endothelial cells causing vasoconstriction and damaging cellular and subcellular membranes, which leads to disturbances in the processes of capillary trophic and gas exchange 35,36 . A number of authors report that local hypothermia leads to the increase in the level of catecholamines, corticosteroids, and histamines 37‐40 …”

Effects of Low Temperatures on the Formation of Adaptive Reactions: A Review

“…Further, a persistent decrease in the blood levels of functionally active phenotypes of T-lymphocytes is formed, which is compensated by an increase in the number of the total pool of circulating lymphocytes, lymphoproliferative reactions, proliferative monocyte reactions, and activation of phagocytosis intensity. (14)(15)(16)(17)(18) Despite the fact that the impact of cold determines a variety of adaptive shifts in the neuroendocrine system, with an increase in the concentration of catecholamines, corticosteroids, histamine and β-endorphin, (19)(20)(21)(22)(23) many researchers agree that cold is primarily a catecholamine stress associated with an increase in the level of norepinephrine and adrenaline in blood, and is initiated along the axis hypothalamuspituitary gland-adrenal glands. (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32) Catecholamines exert their regulatory influence through adrenoceptors located on virtually all cells of the body.…”