Central Asian and Caspian Gas Production and the Constraints on Export

Pirani, Simon

doi:10.26889/9781907555626

Cited by 33 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Other estimates like 'Wood Mackenzie has revealed the combined proven oil and gas reserves of the region are about 68 billion oil barrels equivalent' (Belopolsky & Talwani, 2002). Of this amount, 'the total for oil was 25.2 billion barrels, 65 percent of which belonged to Kazakhstan (16.43 bn), and the rest to Azerbaijan (6.5 bn), Turkmenistan (0.91 bn) and Uzbekistan (1.34 bn)' (Pirani, 2012). Undoubtedly, the above studies place Caspian reserves at par with the massive energy wealth of Persian Gulf.…”

Section: The Caspian Sea Regionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Petropolitics and Pipeline Diplomacy in Central Asia: Can India Afford to Wait in the Wings?

Pradhan¹

2019

India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs

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The fight for hegemony in Central Asia has existed for ages. Strategically placed between two nuclear powers—Russia and China—and geopolitically located at the heart of Eurasia, Central Asia has always remained in global limelight. Even after the disintegration of the USSR, the geopolitical importance of Central Asia never waned down, instead emerged as a grand chessboard for regional and extra-regional player for the immense opportunities it has offered in the form of widely untapped natural resources and geostrategic leverages. Importantly, it has emerged as the latest geological landscape for the energy crunch countries as potentially new and non-OPEC source of oil and natural gas. In the quest for energy security and diversity of supply sources by the energy consumers, the heartland region has witnessed a new great game in the scramble for resources. This accentuated struggle for oil and energy in the region has further led to aggressive foreign policy formulations and strategic calculation by countries like the United States, China, European Union, Japan, Israel, Iran, Pakistan and India, to which many now call as the New Great Game for not just controlling but administering the energy resources of the region. The bottom line of the New Great Game unlike the previous version is essentially played out around petropolitics and pipeline diplomacy. It is in this context this research article makes a modest attempt to examine the energy factor in the geopolitics of Central Asia and tries to figure out the position of India in the epic quest for oil in the traditional bastion of Russia and the new grand chessboard of China and the United States.

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Section: The Caspian Sea Regionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Petropolitics and Pipeline Diplomacy in Central Asia: Can India Afford to Wait in the Wings?

Pradhan¹

2019

India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs

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“…The steady growth of gas exports from Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan to China is shown in Figure 3. As can be understood from the figure, Turkmenistan is the largest natural gas exporter country to China in Central Asia compared to other countries (Pirani, 2012) (OE, 2020).…”

Section: Natural Gas Reserve Distribution Production and Consumptiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Consumption Trends of Natural Gas of Turkmenistan the Years From 2009 to 2019

Vepayev

Deniz

2020

Health Sci. Q.

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In this study, natural gas production and consumption of Turkmenistan has been mentioned for years. Leaving the Soviet system in 1991, Turkmenistan started to take the first steps to move its economy from a closed system to a free market system. To raise its economy to the level of developed states, Turkmenistan has come by implementing new regulations in social and industrial areas within 10 years. Turkmenistan has chosen an international, open, and pluralist economic model since its independence. This model has projected the "10-Year National Development Program" to ensure the economic development of the country and to be carried out according to the targets and plans. The main goal of the development program can be shown as placing the country among the first world countries, a social market economy, managing the country within its means, and encouraging international investors to structural and economic investments. Today, World trade represents the liberalization trend. Liberalization of trade and markets provides the necessary foreign savings and foreign exchange needs to finance economic development with the help of foreign investments in developing countries such as Turkmenistan. Being a country with very rich natural resources, Turkmenistan aims to improve the country's economy by processing these resources and presenting them to the world markets. According to data in 2009, Russia is the largest importer of natural gas, the country's most important export product, while Iran is the second. During this period, exports to China are at a low level. However, while gas exports to Russia and Iran decreased to very low levels over time, China became the biggest consumer of Turkmenistan natural gas. In this, the relations of countries, energy needs, and investments made by demanding countries and the geographical distribution trends of the natural gas consumption-supply demand balance in the world. 2009-2019 is the economic advancement decade in the energy sector of Turkmenistan as a result of exploring and producing new gas reserves in the country, after which consumers gained conscious consumption as well as concluding new agreements with investors.

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“…The degree of peripheralisation within the region differs. While the countries of the post-soviet space are mostly dependent on resource-extraction (Pirani 2012), the new EU member states, especially the Visegrád group (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia), were incorporated as "dependent market economies" (Nölke/Vliegenthart 2009) into the Western industrial production process. Hence, the current economic crisis is a good example of how austerity measures threaten the socio-economic basis of many citizens.…”

Section: Protest As An Indicator For Multiple Crises?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Recent Protest Movements in Eastern Europe as an Indicator for Multiple Crises?

Spöri

Jaitner

2017

ozp

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Since the outbreak of the financial and economic crisis in 2008, Eastern European countries have been affected severely by the crisis through intensified austerity measures, higher unemployment rates, and increasing dissatisfaction with democracy. Against this backdrop, the region has experienced several large-scale protest movements in recent years. The paper critically assesses the state of the art on political participation in Eastern Europe. Special attention is paid to the still underplayed effects of the global economic crisis. Subsequently, the question is raised whether the increased number of protests indicates a deeper societal crisis. Thereby, the authors conclude, Eastern Europe serves to a certain extend as a trendsetter for similar developments in other parts of Europe.

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Central Asian and Caspian Gas Production and the Constraints on Export

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Petropolitics and Pipeline Diplomacy in Central Asia: Can India Afford to Wait in the Wings?

Petropolitics and Pipeline Diplomacy in Central Asia: Can India Afford to Wait in the Wings?

Production and Consumption Trends of Natural Gas of Turkmenistan the Years From 2009 to 2019

The Recent Protest Movements in Eastern Europe as an Indicator for Multiple Crises?

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