Central mechanisms in phantom limb perception: The past, present and future

Giummarra, Melita J.; Gibson, Stephen; Georgiou‐Karistianis, Nellie; Bradshaw, John L.

doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.01.009

Cited by 188 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Evidence for neural correlates of different types of body representations has also been obtained in brain imaging studies (e.g., Corradi-Dell'Acqua et al, 2008; see also Berlucchi and Aglioti, 2010). Giummarra et al (2007) emphasize the role of body schema in generating actions, suggesting that proprioceptive, somatosensory, vestibular and visual systems as well as the motor system including efference copies provide the major contributions to its properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The functional architecture of the human body: assessing body representation by sorting body parts and activities

2010

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The functional architecture of the human body: assessing body representation by sorting body parts and activitiesBläsing, B; Schack, T; Brugger, P Bläsing, B; Brugger, P (2010 The functional architecture of the human body: assessing body representation by sorting body parts and activities. Abstract We investigated mental representations of body parts and body-related activities in two subjects with congenitally absent limbs (one with, the other without phantom sensations), a wheelchair sports group of paraplegic participants, and two groups of participants with intact limbs. To analyse mental representation structures, we applied Structure Dimensional Analysis. Verbal labels indicating body parts and related activities were presented in randomized lists that had to be sorted according to a hierarchical splitting paradigm. Participants were required to group the items according to whether or not they were considered related, based on their own body perception. Results of the groups of physically intact and paraplegic participants revealed separate clusters for the lower body, upper body, Wngers and head. The participant with congenital phantom limbs also showed a clear separation between upper and lower body (but not between Wngers and hands). In the participant without phantom sensations of the absent arms, no such modularity emerged, but the speciWc practice of his right foot in communication and daily routines was reXected. Sorting verbal labels of body parts and activities appears a useful method to assess body representation in individuals with special body anatomy or function and leads to conclusions largely compatible with other assessment procedures.2

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The functional architecture of the human body: assessing body representation by sorting body parts and activities

2010

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“…Gowers 1878;Nordmann and Lindemann 1940;Stoeckel et al 2005) or functional (e.g. Cruz et al 2003;Hamzei et al 2001), and notably also for cases with an acquired loss of a limb (Giummarra et al 2007). …”

Section: Phantoms Of Congenitally Absent Limbs As Manifestations Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incarnation and animation: physical versus representational deficits of body integrity

Hilti

Brugger

2009

Exp Brain Res

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Hilti, L; Brugger, P (2010). Incarnation and animation: physical versus representational deficits of body integrity. Experimental Brain Research, 204(3) AbstractTwo apparently disparate phenomena of defective body integrity are reviewed. The first concerns dysmelia, characterized by the congenital absence or deformation of limbs, and the focus of the review is on phantom sensations of people with this kind of physical integrity disorder. The second phenomenon consists of non-psychotic individuals' desire to have a healthy limb amputated, which is interpreted as a mismatch between the physical integrity of a particular limb and its representation in multimodal cortical areas of the brain. We outlined commonalities and differences between the two conditions and note the absence, in both areas of research, of a unified theory that would account for the reported phenomenology. Phantom limbs in dysmelia and the desire for limb amputation most likely are the consequence of very early developmental dissociations between physical and phenomenal body shapes. They are mirror images of one another in that the former constitutes an "animation without incarnation" and, the latter, an "incarnation without animation". Keywords-body integrity identity disorder (BIID) -paraphilias -parietal lobes -body image, body schema -borderlands of psychiatry and neurology 2 This paper examines two apparently disparate phenomena of corporeal awareness. In both, the completeness or integrity of one's own body is hampered. The first is the occurrence of phantom limbs in individuals born with an "incomplete" body, in which the physical body is incomplete, but the missing limb seems to be represented in the subject's brain, at least as can be inferred from its phenomenal presence. The second phenomenon is the strong desire, by non-psychotic and otherwise well-adjusted healthy individuals, to have a fully functional limb removed. In this condition, it can be argued that despite the physical presence of a limb, the lack of acceptance is due to some underrepresentation in the subject's brain. We review the literature on both conditions and propose that phantom sensations of physically absent limbs and the request for removal of normally developed extremities may be mirror images of one another on the conceptual level: an animation without incarnation and an incarnation without animation, respectively.

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“…Amputees with phantom sensations may provide evidence that efficient action understanding requires a mirror neuron system that retains the representation of an intact and functioning body. Mirror neuron activity may thus both require and reinforce the representation of the body and its functions within the body schema, even if a limb has been amputated, in which case activation of mirror neurons may reinforce the representation of the PL [58] .…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The phantom and the supernumerary phantom limb: historical review and new case

et al. 2011

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Abstract:The way we experience the world is determined by the way our brain works. The phantom limb phenomenon, which is a delusional belief of the presence of a non-existent limb, has a particular fascination in neurology. This positive phenomenon of the phantom limb raises theoretical questions about its nature. After a stroke, some patients experience the perception of an extra limb in addition to the regular set of two arms and two legs. This complex cognitive and perceptual distortion is called supernumerary phantom limb. Here, we review the pathogenesis and historical aspects, and report a new case.

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Central mechanisms in phantom limb perception: The past, present and future

Cited by 188 publications

References 145 publications

The functional architecture of the human body: assessing body representation by sorting body parts and activities

The functional architecture of the human body: assessing body representation by sorting body parts and activities

Incarnation and animation: physical versus representational deficits of body integrity

The phantom and the supernumerary phantom limb: historical review and new case

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