Central nervous system: A modified immune surveillance circuit?

Romo‐González, Tania; Chavarría, Anahí; Pérez-H, Jesús

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.01.016

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…It has been suggested that upon stimulation, resident microglial cells can be rapidly activated via at least two functionally distinct morphological states, leading to activated microglia (which only express HLA-I) and reactive/amoeboid microglia (which express both HLA-I and HLA-II in association with an increased antigen presenting capacity) (33,34). However, several reports have identified those cells residing in the perivascular space or the meninges as those displaying the greatest ability to present antigens to infiltrating T cells, for their subsequent stimulation and activation (22,35). As macrophages infiltrate the perivascular space, infiltrated T lymphocytes recognize the antigens presented by these APCs and they will subsequently act as effector adaptative immune cells (35).…”

Section: Cns Resident Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, several reports have identified those cells residing in the perivascular space or the meninges as those displaying the greatest ability to present antigens to infiltrating T cells, for their subsequent stimulation and activation (22,35). As macrophages infiltrate the perivascular space, infiltrated T lymphocytes recognize the antigens presented by these APCs and they will subsequently act as effector adaptative immune cells (35).…”

Section: Cns Resident Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tumor infiltrating immune cells in gliomas and meningiomas

Domingues

González-Tablas

Otero

et al. 2016

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

252

244

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Section: Cns Resident Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Cns Resident Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor infiltrating immune cells in gliomas and meningiomas

Domingues

González-Tablas

Otero

et al. 2016

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

252

244

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Evidence now exists, however, that antigen presentation occurs in the central nervous system (CNS; ref. T cells exposed to antigen can cross the intact brain-blood barrier and migrate into the brain (19,20). It has also been shown that immunologic reactions occur in the brain in response to a number of processes that affect the CNS and spinal cord (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NY-ESO-1 Expression in Meningioma Suggests a Rationale for New Immunotherapeutic Approaches

Baía

Caballero

et al. 2013

Cancer Immunology Research

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Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors. Surgical resection remains the treatment of choice for these tumors. However, a significant number of tumors are not surgically accessible, recur, or become malignant, necessitating the repetition of surgery and sometimes radiation. Chemotherapy is rarely used and is generally not recognized as an effective treatment. Cancer/testis (CT) genes represent a unique class of genes, which are expressed by germ cells, normally silenced in somatic cells, but activated in various cancers. CT proteins can elicit spontaneous immune responses in patients with cancer and this feature makes them attractive targets for immunotherapy-based approaches. We analyzed mRNA expression of 37 testis-restricted CT genes in a discovery set of 18 meningiomas by reverse transcription PCR. The overall frequency of expression of CT genes ranged from 5.6% to 27.8%. The most frequently expressed was NY-ESO-1, in 5 patients (27.8%). We subsequently analyzed NY-ESO-1 protein expression in a larger set of meningiomas by immunohistochemistry and found expression in 108 of 110 cases. In some cases, NY-ESO-1 expression was diffused and homogenous, but in most instances it was heterogeneous. Importantly, NY-ESO-1 expression was positively correlated with higher grade and patients presenting with higher levels of NY-ESO-1 staining had significantly worse disease-free and overall survival. We have also shown that NY-ESO-1 expression may lead to humoral immune response in patients with meningioma. Considering the limited treatment options for patients with meningioma, the potential of NY-ESO-1-based immunotherapy should be explored. Cancer Immunol Res; 1(5); 296-302. Ó2013 AACR.

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“…In the initial stages of the disease, before lymphoid neogenesis occurs and tertiary lymphoid structures within the meningeal compartment are able to sustain a continuous inflammatory process [69], these interactions probably take place in CLNs [3] and are dependent on CNS antigen transport to those sites [57]. So, CLNs may act as loci of antigen presentation and T-or B-lymphocyte priming [54] but also as sites of tolerance induction towards CNS antigens [70,71]. In this case, alterations in lymph flow towards CLNs could theoretically lead to alterations in antigen presentation and processing with unknown consequences for CNS immune surveillance.…”

Section: The Hydrostatic Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This unique anatomic arrangement, coupled with the presence of the blood brain barrier and the low expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex class II (MHC II) molecules creates an optimally sheltered environment and contributes to what is termed "immunological privilege" of the CNS [54].…”

Section: The Hydrostatic Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency in Multiple Sclerosis: The Hydrostatic-Immune Paradigm and the Flow Cytometry as a Diagnostic Tool

Ng¹,

VE²

2013

J Mult Scler

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In recent years, chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Balloon angioplasty of the affected veins (internal jugulars, azygos) has been proposed as a treatment method, with controversial results. The conflict is based on how a primarily immune disease can be affected by a primarily hydrostatic condition and its reversal. In our paper we briefly review novel paradigms in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and propose a mechanism by which CCSVI could theoretically lead to blood brain barrier disruption, altered neuronal microenvironment, astrocyte and oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination. Altered antigen transfer to regional lymph nodes, affecting antigen presentation and processing could also contribute, affecting the sensitive balance between tolerance and immunity. Thus, a combined hydrostatic-immune paradigm of MS emerges, which may explain the potential role of CCSVI in MS pathogenesis and provide a theoretical framework for future research.

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Central nervous system: A modified immune surveillance circuit?

Cited by 32 publications

References 76 publications

Tumor infiltrating immune cells in gliomas and meningiomas

Tumor infiltrating immune cells in gliomas and meningiomas

NY-ESO-1 Expression in Meningioma Suggests a Rationale for New Immunotherapeutic Approaches

Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency in Multiple Sclerosis: The Hydrostatic-Immune Paradigm and the Flow Cytometry as a Diagnostic Tool

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