Central serous chorioretinopathy: A review

Abstract

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is the fourth most common nonsurgical retinopathy associated with fluid leakage. The pathogenesis is not yet completely understood, but changes in the choroid, sclera and RPE have been described associated with venous congestion of choroidal outflow. CSC can be categorised into acute, chronic, and recurrent subtypes with recent classifications of simple and complex based on the area of RPE change seen on fundus autofluorescence. A multimodal imaging approach is helpful in the diagnosis and management of CSC and secondary complications such as type 1 neovascularisation. Although spontaneous resolution with relatively good visual outcomes is common, treatment should be considered in patients with persistent or recurrent SRF. Treatment options include laser, systemic medications, intravitreal therapy, and surgery. Of these, argon laser for focal extramacular fluid leaks and photodynamic therapy of leakage identified by indocyanine-green angiography currently have the greatest supportive evidence.

Efficacy and Predictive Factors of Oral Spironolactone Treatment in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

“…Thus, oral MR antagonists may be an option for patients who are not suitable (such as those unable to identify leakage points or extensive SRFs) or who reject invasive treatment (such as PDT or lasers). Importantly, the MR antagonist was well-tolerated by patients, with minimal occurrence of adverse events [ 22 ]. Furthermore, oral administration may be effective in promoting the recovery of choriocapillaris in the affected and unaffected eyes of patients with chronic CSC [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Angiographic Report Generation for the 3rdAPTOS’s Competition: Dataset and Baseline Methods

“…They are particularly useful in identifying abnormal changes in the retinal and choroidal vasculature, thereby facilitating the diagnosis and monitoring of eye diseases such as retinal vascular occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, and central serous chorioretinopathy through the dynamic changes of injected dyes. [1-3] Given that a patient’s angiographic images can range from tens to hundreds, their interpretation can be labor-intensive and prone to errors.…”

Spotlighting retinal diseases

“…The 2023 Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology Special Issue shines the spotlight on retinal diseases. Five review articles plus an original research paper provide updates and new observations on: central serous chorioretinopathy, 1 retinal detachment, 2 myopia, 3 retinal complications of drugs, 4 imaging of retinal vascular diseases 5 and diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy 6 . The journal publishes quite a high number of articles in this broad area, which encompasses medical retina and vitreoretinal surgery subspecialties, as well as sections of paediatric ophthalmology, ocular oncology, neuro‐ophthalmology and uveitis, and I will use this editorial to highlight other recently published articles to our readership.…”