Central vs. Peripheral Catecholamines in Rats During Adaptation to Chronic Restraint Stress

Blaszkowski, Thomas P.; DeFeo, John J.; Guarino, Anthony M.

doi:10.1159/000136161

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Restraint also decreased the rate at which the rats gained weight. This effect was significant after three restraint sessions and is consistent with results of other animal studies which have shown that chronic stress reduces the rate of weight gain (Blaszkowski, DeFeo & Guarino, 1970; Pitman, Ottenweller & Natelson, 1988; Shimizu et al ., 1994; Rybkin et al ., 1997). The reduced rate of weight gain has been suggested to be the result of inhibition of food intake (Harris et al ., 1998), which may be mediated via increased levels of neuropeptide Y, which have been demonstrated in rats exposed to repeated restraint (Rybkin et al ., 1997; Thorsell, Carlsson, Ekman & Heilig, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of restraint stress on responsiveness of atria and vas deferens in Sprague–Dawley rats

Singh

Einstein

Lavidis

2001

Journal of Autonomic Pharmacology

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1 The effects of stress in rats were evaluated by measuring changes in body weight and in responsiveness to noradrenaline (NA) in the isolated vas deferens and atria after the animals had been exposed to restraint or restraint and isolation. 2 Animals which were subjected to restraint alone (1 h day-1 for 3, 7 or 28 days) had a significantly reduced rate of body weight gain. This effect was not potentiated by the additional stress of isolation. 3 Restraint alone did not produce significant changes in the responsiveness of the vas deferens to NA. However, adding isolation to restraint, as an additional stress, produced a further leftward shift of the NA dose-response curve for the vas deferens, so that there was a significant increase in sensitivity compared with control. 4 There was a significant rightward shift in the NA dose-response curves or reduction in sensitivity in the atria from animals which had been restrained for 7 or 28 days. Isolation did not produce a further rightward shift in the NA dose-response curve. 5 The results from this study indicate that the stress associated with repeated restraint reduces the rate of weight gain and reduces the responsiveness of the atria to NA. The responsiveness of the vas deferens to NA was increased by stress, but the combined effect of isolation and restraint was required to produce a significant effect. The differences in the effects of stress on these tissues could be associated with differences in presynaptic receptor populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of restraint stress on responsiveness of atria and vas deferens in Sprague–Dawley rats

Singh

Einstein

Lavidis

2001

Journal of Autonomic Pharmacology

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“…a phenomenon in which repeated stress leads to a reduction in the apparent impact of that stress. This has been observed by others in rats subjected to chronic intermittent stress (Pitman et al 1988, Konarska et al 1989) and has been shown to involve an interplay between the central and autonomic nervous systems and endocrine system (Blaszkowski et al 1970). There was a clear habituation effect in the restraint-associated mice, so that the increases in HR and cBT during the recovery period became less apparent from day 1 to day 14 of the experiments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Stress is commonly known to affect weight gain in animals (Blaszkowski et al 1970, Pitman et al 1988, Shimizu et al 1994, Rybkin et al 1997, and weight gain is considered to be a useful indicator of the level of stress to which an animal is exposed. Weight loss as a result of chronic restraint stress has been observed in rats (Harris et al 1998, Valles et al 2000, and has been suggested to be caused by up-regulation of neuropeptide Y, which has been found to result in decreased food intake (Rybkin et al 1997, Thorsell et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects on heart rate and temperature of mice and vas deferens responses to noradrenaline when their cage mates are subjected to daily restraint stress

2008

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Performing stressful procedures in view of cage mates may cause stress in observer animals. However, it is not known if stressful procedures performed in close proximity to, but not in view of cage mates are stressful for the (observer) cage mates. Radiotelemetry and postmortem in vitro studies of the vas deferens were used to determine the effects of stress on observers. Heart rate (HR) and core body temperature (cBT) were recorded for 1 h following weighing of a cage mate or 1 h during restraint of a cage mate and the hour following return of the restrained mouse to the cage. This procedure was repeated daily for 15 days. HR and cBT were increased in observers during both restraint and weighing of cage mates. Analysis of the area under the curve showed that HR and cBT in observers were significantly higher during restraint of a cage mate than after weighing of a cage mate. When mice were returned to the cage after weighing or restraint, HR and cBT were significantly higher in the cage mates of restrained animals. Comparison between days 1, 3, 7 and 14 found that, as the experiment progressed, HR and cBT were significantly reduced in the observer mice during the hour following return of the cage mates after restraint. Results from previous studies have shown that chronic stress causes the vas deferens to become hypersensitive to exogenous application of noradrenaline (NAd). In this study, vas deferens from observers of restraint had a significantly increased response to NAd. These results indicate that stressful procedures should be conducted in isolation from other mice.

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Stress and Catecholamines

Stone¹

1975

Catecholamines and Behavior · 2

153

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Central vs. Peripheral Catecholamines in Rats During Adaptation to Chronic Restraint Stress

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of restraint stress on responsiveness of atria and vas deferens in Sprague–Dawley rats

Effects of restraint stress on responsiveness of atria and vas deferens in Sprague–Dawley rats

The effects on heart rate and temperature of mice and vas deferens responses to noradrenaline when their cage mates are subjected to daily restraint stress

Stress and Catecholamines

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