Centro‐facial Pigmentation in Asymptomatic Congenital Chikungunya Viral Infection

Chikungunya Fever During Pregnancy and in Children: An Overview on Clinical and Research Perspectives

“…These data have been confirmed in La Réunion island where half of the infants below 6 months of age exhibited vesiculobullous skin lesions [68,88]. Importantly, besides the susceptibility for neurological complications (six-fold higher incidence rate of encephalitis) [34], these vesiculobullous skin lesions have emerged as the most characteristic finding of CHIKV infection in this age group [25,70,72,73]. Severe perianal involvement is a characteristic localization [67].…”

“…Febrile seizures are common but variably present in 14-80% of the cases. They also occur beyond the typical age range of 6 months to 6 years [25,64,69,73,74]. Other common symptoms accompanying fever include musculoskeletal pain (30-50%), skin rash (>30%), headache (15%), and photophobia (<10%) [25,68,74].…”

“…Management is symptomatic and focuses on adequate hydration, antipyretics, and analgesics (paracetamol/acetaminophen 60-80 mg/kg/day) [25]. Experts recommend withholding salicylates, steroidal, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as they may facilitate bleeding manifestations [73]. In La Réunion island, ibuprofen had been thought to precipitate infant blistering but the association was not statistically significant [96].…”

Facial Hyperpigmentation in Skin of Color: Special Considerations and Treatment

“…All ages Hyperpigmented macules mainly on the nose but can also appear similar to melasma, periorbital melanosis, or with irregular and flagellate patterns on the trunk, extremities, abdomen, and palms [124,125] Increased intra-epidermal melanin in basal and supra-basal areas [125]; others also report presence of pigmentary incontinence and melanophages [124] Chikungunya infection from Aedes mosquitoes or congenital transmission [126] Erythrose Peribuccale Pigmentaire de BROCQ…”