Centrosome destined to decay in starfish oocytes

Shirato, Yukako; Tamura, Miwa; Yoneda, Masafumi; Nemoto, Shin-ichi

doi:10.1242/dev.02193

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Transmission electron microscopy Isolated islets on culture dishes were fixed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations according to Shirato et al [30] with slight modifications.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MafA is critical for maintenance of the mature beta cell phenotype in mice

2014

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Aims/hypothesis The plasticity of adult somatic cells allows for their dedifferentiation or conversion to different cell types, although the relevance of this to disease remains elusive. Perturbation of beta cell identity leading to dedifferentiation may be implicated in the compromised functions of beta cells in diabetes, which is a current topic of islet research. This study aims to investigate whether or not v-Maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein A (MafA), a mature beta cell marker, is involved in maintaining mature beta cell phenotypes. Methods The fate and gene expression of beta cells were analysed in Mafa knockout (KO) mice and mouse models of diabetes in which the expression of MafA was reduced in the majority of beta cells. Results Loss of MafA reduced the beta to alpha cell ratio in pancreatic islets without elevating blood glucose to diabetic levels. Lineage tracing analyses showed reduced/lost expression of insulin in most beta cells, with a minority of the former beta cells converted to glucagon-expressing cells in Mafa KO mice. The upregulation of genes that are normally repressed in mature beta cells or transcription factors that are transiently expressed in endocrine progenitors was identified in Mafa KO islets as a hallmark of dedifferentiation. The compromised beta cells in db/db and multiple low-dose streptozotocin mice underwent similar dedifferentiation with expression of Mafb, which is expressed in immature beta cells. Conclusions/interpretation The maturation factor MafA is critical for the homeostasis of mature beta cells and regulates cell plasticity. The loss of MafA in beta cells leads to a deeper loss of cell identity, which is implicated in diabetes pathology.

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Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MafA is critical for maintenance of the mature beta cell phenotype in mice

2014

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“…Thus, centrioles persist in Asteria pectinifera starfish oocytes, such that each spindle pole harbors two centrioles at the onset of meiosis I. Three centrioles are extruded into the polar bodies during the two meiotic divisions, whereas the remaining one is eliminated shortly after meiosis II (Uetake et al, 2002;Zhang et al, 2004;Shirato et al, 2006). In the clam Spisula solidissima, maternally derived centrioles are not eliminated but cannot duplicate further in the zygote (Wu and Palazzo, 1999).…”

Section: Redundant Mechanisms For Centriole Eliminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of centriole elimination duringC. elegansoogenesis

et al. 2012

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SUMMARYCentrosomes are the principal microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) of animal cells and comprise a pair of centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material (PCM). Centriole number must be carefully regulated, notably to ensure bipolar spindle formation and thus faithful chromosome segregation. In the germ line of most metazoan species, centrioles are maintained during spermatogenesis, but eliminated during oogenesis. Such differential behavior ensures that the appropriate number of centrioles is present in the newly fertilized zygote. Despite being a fundamental feature of sexual reproduction in metazoans, the mechanisms governing centriole elimination during oogenesis are poorly understood. Here, we investigate this question in C. elegans. Using antibodies directed against centriolar components and serial-section electron microscopy, we establish that centrioles are eliminated during the diplotene stage of the meiotic cell cycle. Moreover, we show that centriole elimination is delayed upon depletion of the helicase CGH-1. We also find that somatic cells make a minor contribution to this process, and demonstrate that the germ cell karyotype is important for timely centriole elimination. These findings set the stage for a mechanistic dissection of centriole elimination in a metazoan organism.

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“…The four centrioles are already non‐equivalent in their nucleation and reproductive capacity before meiosis (see Ref. (52) for more detail). C) Inactivation of supernumerary centrosomes.…”

Section: Variations On a Theme: Centriole Number In Different Cell Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Zero to Many: Control of Centriole Number in Development and Disease

Cunha-Ferreira

Bento

Bettencourt-Dias

2009

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Centrioles are essential for the formation of microtubulederived structures, including cilia, flagella and centrosomes. These structures are involved in a variety of functions, from cell motility to division. In most dividing animal cells, centriole formation is coupled to the chromosome cycle. However, this is not the case in certain specialized divisions, such as meiosis, and in some differentiating cells. For example, oocytes loose their centrioles upon differentiation, whereas multiciliated epithelial cells make several of those structures after they exit the cell cycle. Aberrations of centriole number are seen in many cancer cells. Recent studies began to shed light on the molecular control of centriole number, its variations in development, and how centriole number changes in human disease. Here we review the recent developments in this field.

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Centrosome destined to decay in starfish oocytes

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

MafA is critical for maintenance of the mature beta cell phenotype in mice

MafA is critical for maintenance of the mature beta cell phenotype in mice

Analysis of centriole elimination duringC. elegansoogenesis

From Zero to Many: Control of Centriole Number in Development and Disease

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