CeO₂-dolomite as fire retardant additives on the conventional intumescent coating in steel substrate for improved performance

Abstract

Multiple combinations of CeO2-Dolomite as fillers and Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR) ingredients were used to optimize the intumescent coatings designed for I-beam steel substrates. The influenced of fillers and various combinations of flame-retardants on the fire protective performance of the coatings were evaluated using vertical Bunsen burner fire test and various characterization techniques. Formula C and Formula F having 1:1 and 2:2 CeO2-Dolomite ratio, obtained the lowest substrate temperature around 150oC and 150.4oC, respectively after 90 minutes fire exposure. Also, the morphological structures of intumescent char observed by SEM-EDX, demonstrated that Formula C and Formula F stimulated the formation of homogeneous and more compacted surface structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provide the binding energies of C and O constituents, it was observed that [-(C2H4)n-] was the most important free radical as it could promote the formation of aromatic carbon chain in the char surface. Finally, the findings of this study revealed that the selection of appropriate fillers and combinations of flame-retardant ingredients significantly influenced the morphological structure of the char layer, of which, Formula C and Formula F produced a char with higher thermal stability, resulting to a more fire resistive IFR coating during fire exposure.

Facile Synthesis of Band Gap-Tunable Kappa-Carrageenan-Mediated C,S-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles for Enhanced Dye Degradation

“…The narrow scan spectra of oxygen (O 1s), carbon (C 1s), titanium (Ti 2p), and sulfur (S 2p) were obtained and corrected using the binding energy of adventitious carbon (285.0 EV). All XPS spectra were deconvoluted with XPSPEAK version 4.1 using a true Shirley background and a 20–80% Lorentzian–Gaussian peak model. , The specific surface area and pore size were analyzed using a BELSORP MAX X analysis instrument.…”

Latest trends for structural steel protection by using intumescent fire protective coatings: a review

“…These fillers are called special fillers. They consist of titanium oxide, aluminium hydroxide, talc, wollastonite, calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), carbon black, silica (SiO 2 ), CeO 2 -Dolmite and so on [149][150][151]. Inert fillers are used as smoke suppressant in IC by reducing the quantity of combustible material or by absorbing the amount of heat from the material during burning.…”

Improved pyrolysis behavior of ammonium polyphosphate-melamine-expandable (APP-MEL-EG) intumescent fire retardant coating system using ceria and dolomite as additives for I-beam steel application

“…Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of how conventional intumescent coatings are activated via pyrolysis to protect steel substrates. In the event of a fire, intumescent coatings swell and produce a char which serves as a protective barrier to suppress heat penetration and prolong the failure of steel substrates (Camino et al, 1989;Jimenez et al, 2006;Le Bras et al, 1998;Zoleta et al, 2019).…”

“…Figure 2 summarize the formulations of different IFR samples and experimental design used in this study, respectively. The composition of each sample used in this study was optimized in the previous research of the authors (Zoleta et al, 2019). APP-EG-MEL IFR system consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP, average polymerization degree n > 1000, CAS No.…”

“…1306-38-3) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Singapore. The preparation of APP-EG-MEL (IFR system) with the addition of ceria and dolomite was based on the procedure of Gillani et al (2016), which was modified and optimized in the previous research of the authors (Zoleta et al, 2019).…”