“…CeO 2 is a new promising catalyst for imine synthesis, which can overcome the problems caused by traditional acid/base catalysts ( Tamura and Tomishige, 2015 ) and bring a lot of advantages, such as mild synthesis conditions and fast separation. Many research studies have focused on CeO 2 application in imine synthesis ( Geng et al, 2016 ; Long et al, 2019a ; Long et al, 2019b ; Cao et al, 2020 ; Rizzuti et al, 2020 ; Tamura and Tomishige, 2020 ), and it has been reported that CeO 2 morphologies can greatly influence the catalytic activity for imine synthesis ( Zhang et al, 2017 ; Yang et al, 2018 ; Zhang et al, 2018 ; Yang et al, 2020a ; Yang et al, 2020b ), which have a close relationship with the CeO 2 specific surface area and Ce 3+ defects.…”