Cephalic phase of acid secretion involves activation  of medullary TRH receptor subtype 1 in rats

Martı́nez, Vicente; Barrachina, M D; Ohning, Gordon V.; Taché, Yvette

doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00222.2002

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Firstly, the cephalic phase of digestion induces an increase in gastric acid secretion in response to the sight, sound, smell, taste, and swallowing of food; this vagally mediated response was subsequently demonstrated to be blocked by intracisternal application of TRH receptor antisense oligonucleotides [(319); reviewed in (381)]. Secondly, exposure to cold increases gastric motility and acid secretion in a vagally dependent manner, subsequent to activation of raphe pallidus, raphe obscurus and parapyramidal neurons (89, 464).…”

Section: Cns Regulation Of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Control Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Nervous System Control of Gastrointestinal Motility and Secretion and Modulation of Gastrointestinal Functions

Browning

Travagli

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

450

388

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Although the gastrointestinal (GI) tract possesses intrinsic neural plexuses that allow a significant degree of autonomy over GI functions, the central nervous system (CNS) provides extrinsic neural inputs that regulate, modulate, and control these functions. While the intestines are capable of functioning in the absence of extrinsic inputs, the stomach and esophagus are much more dependent upon extrinsic neural inputs, particularly from parasympathetic and sympathetic pathways. The sympathetic nervous system exerts a predominantly inhibitory effect upon GI muscle and provides a tonic inhibitory influence over mucosal secretion while, at the same time, regulates GI blood flow via neurally mediated vasoconstriction. The parasympathetic nervous system, in contrast, exerts both excitatory and inhibitory control over gastric and intestinal tone and motility. Although GI functions are controlled by the autonomic nervous system and occur, by and large, independently of conscious perception, it is clear that the higher CNS centers influence homeostatic control as well as cognitive and behavioral functions. This review will describe the basic neural circuitry of extrinsic inputs to the GI tract as well as the major CNS nuclei that innervate and modulate the activity of these pathways. The role of CNS-centered reflexes in the regulation of GI functions will be discussed as will modulation of these reflexes under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Finally, future directions within the field will be discussed in terms of important questions that remain to be resolved and advances in technology that may help provide these answers.

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Section: Cns Regulation Of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Control Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Nervous System Control of Gastrointestinal Motility and Secretion and Modulation of Gastrointestinal Functions

Browning

Travagli

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

450

388

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“…On the basis of these observations, it was speculated that TRH projections from the caudal raphe´nuclei to the dorsal vagal complex might be important for the recruitment of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas in the defense against cold stress (Tache et al 1995). It is also interesting to note that this pathway has been implicated in the cephalic phase of digestion, since sham feeding induced gastric acid secretion was blocked by intracisternal TRH-1 receptor antisense oligonucleotide (Martinez et al 2002). Orexin innervation of this TRH pathway would be yet another way by which orexin orchestrates preparedness of the body for foraging and ingestive behavior.…”

Section: Orexin Fibers Innervating Bat-projecting Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orexin inputs to caudal raphé neurons involved in thermal, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal regulation

Berthoud

Patterson

Sutton

et al. 2005

Histochem Cell Biol

108

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Orexin-expressing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus with their wide projections throughout the brain are important for the regulation of sleep and wakefulness, ingestive behavior, and the coordination of these behaviors in the environmental context. To further identify downstream effector targets of the orexin system, we examined in detail orexin-A innervation of the caudal raphe nuclei in the medulla, known to harbor sympathetic preganglionic motor neurons involved in thermal, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal regulation. All three components of the caudal raphe nuclei, raphe pallidus, raphe obscurus, and parapyramidal nucleus, are innervated by orexin-A-immunoreactive fibers. Using confocal microscopy, we demonstrate close anatomical appositions between varicose orexin-A immunoreactive axon profiles and sympathetic premotor neurons identified with either a transneuronal retrograde pseudorabies virus tracer injected into the interscapular brown fat pads, or with in situ hybridization of pro-TRH mRNA. Furthermore, orexin-A injected into the fourth ventricle induced c-Fos expression in the raphe pallidus and parapyramidal nucleus. These findings suggest that orexin neurons in the hypothalamus can modulate brown fat thermogenesis, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal functions by acting directly on neurons in the caudal raphe nuclei, and support the idea that orexin's simultaneous stimulation of food intake and sympathetic activity might have evolved as a mechanism to stay alert while foraging.

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“…This demonstrates for the first time that there is a bidirectional interaction between central vagal stimulation and abdominal surgery in the regulation of gastric myenteric neuron activity. The present findings may also have relevance towards mechanisms through which gum chewing (used as a kind of sham feeding) enhanced the recovery from postoperative ileus in a clinical setting [7,8], as brain medullary TRH that plays a role in the gastric response to sham feeding [16]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain–gut interactions between central vagal activation and abdominal surgery to influence gastric myenteric ganglia Fos expression in rats

2011

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We previously showed that medullary thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or the stable TRH agonist, RX-77368 administered intracisternally induces vagal-dependent activation of gastric myenteric neurons and prevents post surgery-induced delayed gastric emptying in rats. We investigated whether abdominal surgery alters intracisternal (ic) RX-77368 (50 ng)-induced gastric myenteric neuron activation. Under 10 min enflurane anesthesia, rats underwent an ic injection of saline or RX-77368 followed by a laparotomy and a 1-min cecal palpation, or no surgery and were euthanized 90 min later. Longitudinal muscle/myenteric plexus whole-mount preparations of gastric corpus and antrum were processed for immunohistochemical detection of Fos alone or double labeled with protein gene-product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). In the non surgery groups, ic RX-77368 induced a 17 fold increase in Fos-expression in both gastric antrum and corpus myenteric neurons compared to saline injected rats. PGP 9.5 ascertained the neuronal identity of myenteric cells expressing Fos. In the abdominal surgery groups, ic RX-77368 induced a significant increase in Fos-expression in both the corpus and antrum myenteric ganglia compared with ic saline injected rats which has no Fos in the gastric myenteric ganglia. However, the response was reduced by 73–78% compared with that induced by ic RX 77368 without surgery. Abundant VAChT positive nerve fibers were present around Fos positive neurons. These results indicate a bidirectional interaction between central vagal stimulation of gastric myenteric neurons and abdominal surgery. The modulation of gastric vagus-myenteric neuron activity could play an important role in the recovery phase of postoperative gastric ileus.

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Cephalic phase of acid secretion involves activation of medullary TRH receptor subtype 1 in rats

Cited by 23 publications

References 53 publications

Central Nervous System Control of Gastrointestinal Motility and Secretion and Modulation of Gastrointestinal Functions

Central Nervous System Control of Gastrointestinal Motility and Secretion and Modulation of Gastrointestinal Functions

Orexin inputs to caudal raphé neurons involved in thermal, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal regulation

Brain–gut interactions between central vagal activation and abdominal surgery to influence gastric myenteric ganglia Fos expression in rats

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