Ceramic but flexible: new ceramic membrane foils for fuel cells and batteries

Augustin, Sven; Hennige, Volker; Hörpel, Gerhard; Hying, Christian

doi:10.1016/s0011-9164(02)00465-4

Cited by 95 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Many of these challenges are associated with morphological changes that occur on the lithium metal surface upon repeated charge-discharge cycling in non-aqueous electrolyte, which lead to the growth of dendritic and/or mossy deposits across the electrode surface that can result in battery short circuits [2][3][4] , which are potential fire hazards. Various strategies, such as the use of solid polymer electrolytes, separators and ceramic coatings [5][6][7][8] , liquid electrolyte additives 9,10 and Li metal surface passivation 11 have been developed to mitigate dendrite growth and moss formation. However, these approaches are currently not completely fail-safe; a detailed understanding of how these microstructures form and the conditions under which they can occur in a working battery cell is imperative for developing a definite solution to the problem of dendritic growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the evolving microstructure of lithium metal electrodes in 3D using X-ray computed tomography

Taiwo

Finegan

Paz‐Garcia

et al. 2017

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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The growth of electrodeposited lithium microstructures on metallic lithium electrodes has prevented their use in rechargeable lithium batteries due to early performance degradation and safety implications. Understanding the evolution of lithium microstructures during battery operation is crucial for the development of an effective and safe rechargeable lithium-metal battery. This study employs both synchrotron and laboratory X-ray computed tomography to investigate the morphological evolution of the surface of metallic lithium electrodes during a single cell discharge and over numerous cycles, respectively. The formation of surface pits and the growth of mossy lithium deposits through the separator layer are characterised in threedimensions. This has provided insight into the microstructural evolution of lithium--metal electrodes during rechargeable battery operation, and further understanding of the importance of separator architecture in mitigating lithium dendrite growth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the evolving microstructure of lithium metal electrodes in 3D using X-ray computed tomography

Taiwo

Finegan

Paz‐Garcia

et al. 2017

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…50 Recently, a ceramic separator for better mechanical and thermal stability has been developed and commercialized. 51 …”

Section: Separatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Prospective Li-Ion Battery Recycling and Recovery Processes

Heelan

Gratz²,

Zheng

et al. 2016

JOM

215

162

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The lithium ion (Li-ion) battery industry has been growing exponentially since its initial inception in the late 20th century. As battery materials evolve, the applications for Li-ion batteries have become even more diverse. To date, the main source of Li-ion battery use varies from consumer portable electronics to electric/hybrid electric vehicles. However, even with the continued rise of Liion battery development and commercialization, the recycling industry is lagging; approximately 95% of Li-ion batteries are landfilled instead of recycled upon reaching end of life. Industrialized recycling processes are limited and only capable of recovering secondary raw materials, not suitable for direct reuse in new batteries. Most technologies are also reliant on high concentrations of cobalt to be profitable, and intense battery sortation is necessary prior to processing. For this reason, it is critical that a new recycling process be commercialized that is capable of recovering more valuable materials at a higher efficiency. A new technology has been developed by the researchers at Worcester Polytechnic Institute which is capable of recovering LiNi x Mn y Co z O 2 cathode material from a hydrometallurgical process, making the recycling system as a whole more economically viable. By implementing a flexible recycling system that is closed-loop, recycling of Li-ion batteries will become more prevalent saving millions of pounds of batteries from entering the waste stream each year.

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“…To solve the problem for separators, Degussa developed a series of Separion (a trade name) separator by combining the characteristics of polymeric non-woven poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and nanoparticles of ceramic materials (alumna, silica, zirconia nanoparticles) [148][149][150][151][152]. This separator is illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: The Separatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 of Ref. [148] and product brochure of Separion separators was coated on a porous non-woven PET, followed by drying at 200…”

Section: The Separatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolytes and Separators for Lithium Batteries

et al. 2016

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Rechargeable lithium batteries are basically of two types; lithium metal batteries, and, lithium-ion batteries. Lithium metal batteries (LMB) provide a higher theoretical energy density than the alternatives: their wide commercial availability is limited, however, by the tendency to grow dendrites during cycling. This is a potential hazard and also reduces cycle lifetime. Attempts are being made to suppress dendritic growth either by using solid electrolytes that act as mechanical barriers, or by choosing electrolytes that produce a suitable passivation layer called the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). Since there is no entirely successful strategy to inhibit the growth of dendrites, safety concerns have led to the use of the other kind of lithium battery, namely, the lithium-ion battery (LiB).Lithium-ion batteries are now widely employed for a variety of applications in electronic devices, mobile telephones, laptop computers and a large variety of other portable appliances. They possess a very high energy density, are light and compact and show excellent cyclability and reliability. The current commercial Li-ion batteries are based on aprotic organic liquids such as ethylene carbonate or dimethyl carbonate which have high dielectric constant and are thus good solvents for salts; they also show a large window of electrochemical stability. However, their vapor pressure is high, so that they can provoke fires and explosions in case of accidental battery shorts, when low-stability cathodes are used such as oxides. Such safety issues become accentuated in large lithium-ion batteries of interest in electric cars, especially if charge-discharge is carried out at high rates. The safety aspect has thus become a paramount issue in the development of this technology. Another component important for safety issue is the separator. This element must have, among other properties, a good wettability with the electrolyte, so that the choice of the separator is dependent on the choice of the electrolyte, one reason why we have chosen to include them in the same chapter.

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Ceramic but flexible: new ceramic membrane foils for fuel cells and batteries

Cited by 95 publications

References 2 publications

Investigating the evolving microstructure of lithium metal electrodes in 3D using X-ray computed tomography

Investigating the evolving microstructure of lithium metal electrodes in 3D using X-ray computed tomography

Current and Prospective Li-Ion Battery Recycling and Recovery Processes

Electrolytes and Separators for Lithium Batteries

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