Ceramics as biomaterials for dental restoration

Abstract

Sintered ceramics and glass-ceramics are widely used as biomaterials for dental restoration, especially as dental inlays, onlays, veneers, crowns or bridges. Biomaterials were developed either to veneer metal frameworks or to produce metal-free dental restorations. Different types of glass-ceramics and ceramics are available and necessary today to fulfill customers' needs (patients, dentists and dental technicians) regarding the properties of the biomaterials and the processing of the products. All of these different types of biomaterials already cover the entire range of indications of dental restorations. Today, patients are increasingly interested in metal-free restoration. Glass-ceramics are particularly suitable for fabricating inlays, crowns and small bridges, as these materials achieve very strong, esthetic results. High-strength ceramics are preferred in situations where the material is exposed to high masticatory forces.

Microstructural evolution and physical behavior of a lithium disilicate glass–ceramic

“…The most widely used ingredients found in numerous dental glass-ceramics are silicate oxide, aluminum oxide, or zirconium oxide) into glass precursors is rapidly gaining acceptance as the standard of care [4,14]. These newer generations of glass-ceramics are differentiated from the feldspar-leucite glass-ceramics by their elevated strength, increased processing temperatures, improved toughness, and tailored properties for milling machines [2,15,16].…”

Surface roughness and gloss of current CAD/CAM resin composites before and after toothbrush abrasion

“…Ceramics are defined as inorganic, crystalline, non-metallic materials which contain metallic and non-metallic bonded elements, e.g., aluminum-oxide and yttrium tetragonal zirconia polycrystal 3) . Glass ceramics consist of a glassy phase that acts as the matrix and a ceramic as the reinforcing filler, e.g., lithium disilicate glass ceramics 3,4) , leucitereinforced glass ceramics 3,4) , and feldspathic glass ceramics 3,5) . Resin composites consist of a polymeric matrix and reinforcing fillers, which could be ceramics, glass, glass ceramics, organic or composite 6) .…”

Controlled Parallel Crystallization of Lithium Disilicate and Diopside Using a Combination of Internal and Surface Nucleation

“…Technical glass-ceramics as well as consumer applications were developed this way (Beall, 1992(Beall, , 2014Echeverría, 1992). Likewise, Höland et al (1994Höland et al ( , 2005Höland et al ( , 2007Höland et al ( , 2008Höland et al ( , 2009) succeeded in the development of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics for dental applications using such multicomponent base glass systems.…”