Ceramide composition of the psoriatic scale

Motta, S.; Monti, M.; Sesana, Silvia; Caputo, Ruggero; Carelli, Stephana; Ghidoni, Riccardo

doi:10.1016/0925-4439(93)90135-n

Cited by 412 publications

(338 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Therefore, PHS may be important for PHS-containing tissues such as the skin and small intestine, and its reduction may lead to disorders. Indeed, a decrease in PHS-containing Cer levels has been observed in psoriatic scale 35 . In addition, the degradation pathway must also be important for the maintenance of appropriate levels of PHS, as it is for other biomolecules in general.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the phytosphingosine metabolic pathway leading to odd-numbered fatty acids

et al. 2014

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The long-chain base phytosphingosine is a component of sphingolipids and exists in yeast, plants and some mammalian tissues. Phytosphingosine is unique in that it possesses an additional hydroxyl group compared with other long-chain bases. However, its metabolism is unknown. Here we show that phytosphingosine is metabolized to odd-numbered fatty acids and is incorporated into glycerophospholipids both in yeast and mammalian cells. Disruption of the yeast gene encoding long-chain base 1-phosphate lyase, which catalyzes the committed step in the metabolism of phytosphingosine to glycerophospholipids, causes an B40% reduction in the level of phosphatidylcholines that contain a C15 fatty acid. We also find that 2-hydroxypalmitic acid is an intermediate of the phytosphingosine metabolic pathway. Furthermore, we show that the yeast MPO1 gene, whose product belongs to a large, conserved protein family of unknown function, is involved in phytosphingosine metabolism. Our findings provide insights into fatty acid diversity and identify a pathway by which hydroxyl group-containing lipids are metabolized.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the phytosphingosine metabolic pathway leading to odd-numbered fatty acids

et al. 2014

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“…Another approach for calculating the proton concentrations Figure 1 Chemical structures of the lipids of human SC (modified from [26]). The nomenclature of the most prevalent 12 ceramide classes is shown using the classification of Motta et al [27] (in capital letters) and using the earlier classification based on chromatographic mobility (in parentheses). Each ceramide molecule contains one sphingoid and one fatty acid residue, amide-linked as shown above the table for Cer [NP].…”

Section: Composition and Local Environment Of The Sc Lipid Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physical chemistry of the stratum corneum lipids

Boncheva

2014

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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SynopsisThe extracellular matrix of stratum corneum (SC) participates actively in the defensive performance of human skin. Understanding its physicochemical properties is essential for understanding the skin homoeostasis, for the development of efficient therapies for skin disorders and diseases and for ensuring the safety of products designed for topical application. This article summarizes the current knowledge of the composition, self-assembly and molecular organization of the SC lipids, reviews the evidence connecting these parameters and the barrier properties of human skin, and outlines the immediate issues in the field of SC lipid research. R ESUM E: La matrice extracellulaire du stratum corneum (SC) participe activement a la performance d efensive de la peau humaine. Comprendre ses propri et es physico-chimiques est essentielle pour comprendre l'hom eostasie de la peau, pour le d eveloppement de th erapies efficaces pour les troubles et les maladies de la peau, et pour assurer la s ecurit e des produits conc ßus pour une application topique. Cet article r esume les connaissances actuelles sur la composition, l'auto-assemblage, et l'organisation mol eculaire des lipides SC, examine les preuves reliant ces param etres et les propri et es de barri ere de la peau humaine, et d ecrit les probl emes imm ediats dans le domaine de la recherche sur les lipides SC. IntroductionThe field of skin research is replete with opportunities for those intent on working on scientifically interesting topics while making a noticeable, positive difference in people's lives [1]. The range of important problems that the field can help solving is broad. It comprises (i) reducing infant mortality, especially in the developing countries where defective skin barrier is the second major cause of preterm mortality [2][3][4][5][6]; (ii) improving the skin health of some 20-30% of the population in the developed countries which suffer from some sort of skin barrier dysfunction [7,8]; (iii) developing efficient strategies for the dermal and transdermal delivery of drugs and vaccines [9]; (iv) increasing the national and personal security by developing methods to retard or prevent the skin penetration of chemical warfare agents, toxic spills and pesticides [10, 11]; (v) enhancing the safety of topical products (e.g. fragrances, cosmetics, cleansing agents, sunscreens and insect repellents) [12]. Thus, the targets in skin research cover the full spectrum from counter-acting leaky skin and preventing its penetration by chemicals to pushing chemicals through it. One common major problem underlies these diverse topics: our insufficient understanding of the factors that determine skin permeability.Understanding the permeability of human skin to a large extent means understanding the extracellular lipid matrix of the stratum corneum (SC), the topmost skin layer which constitutes the main barrier to transdermal fluxes [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. As the lipid matrix forms an uninterrupted pathway from the skin surface to the viable skin tissu...

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“…Cells were detached by scraping and lipids were extracted as previously described (17). After centrifugation, the organic lower phase was withdrawn and evaporated under nitrogen.…”

Section: Rna Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic cytotoxicity between tamoxifen and the plant toxin persin in human breast cancer cells is dependent on Bim expression and mediated by modulation of ceramide metabolism

Roberts¹,

Gurisik

Biden

et al. 2007

Molecular Cancer Therapeutics

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Phytochemicals have provided an abundant source of novel therapeutics for the treatment of human cancers. We have previously described a novel plant toxin, persin, derived from avocado leaves, which has unique in vivo actions in the mammary epithelium and Bim-dependent, cytotoxic effects in human breast cancer cells in vitro.Compounds structurally similar to persin, such as the polyunsaturated fatty acid, conjugated linoleic acid, can attenuate steroid hormone receptor signaling and modulate the response of breast cancer cells to antiestrogens. Here, we provide evidence that persin may have similar effects by showing its potent proapoptotic synergy with the antiestrogen 4-hydroxytamoxifen. However, although persin transcriptionally down-regulates estrogen receptor (ER) expression, unlike conjugated linoleic acid, it also shows efficacy in ER-negative breast cancer cells, both alone and in combination with 4-hydroxytamoxifen, whereas normal breast epithelial cells are unaffected, suggesting it may act via a distinct, ER-independent mechanism. These proapoptotic synergistic interactions are associated with increased de novo ceramide synthesis and are dependent on expression of the proapoptotic protein Bim. These data show that persin should be further investigated as a potential novel cancer therapeutic agent because it significantly enhances the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to the cytotoxic effects of tamoxifen, regardless of their ER status, while displaying apparent specificity for the malignant phenotype. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(10):2777 -85]

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Ceramide composition of the psoriatic scale

Cited by 412 publications

References 21 publications

Identification of the phytosphingosine metabolic pathway leading to odd-numbered fatty acids

Identification of the phytosphingosine metabolic pathway leading to odd-numbered fatty acids

The physical chemistry of the stratum corneum lipids

Synergistic cytotoxicity between tamoxifen and the plant toxin persin in human breast cancer cells is dependent on Bim expression and mediated by modulation of ceramide metabolism

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