Ceratocystis fimbriata of plane trees in Italy: biological aspects and control possibility

Panconesi, A.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1981.tb00112.x

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…This sequence contains the conservative substitution Cys 3 Ser, but we can note that two other hydrophobins, such as Eas from Neurospora crassa (consensus sequence ϭ CCQ) (44) and Hfb1 from Thricoderma reesei (consensus sequence ϭ CCA) are exceptions to the consensus rule (45). Furthermore, some recent findings obtained by immunolocalization experiments 2 have indicated that cerato-platanin accumulates abundantly on the fungal cell surface, as hydrophobins do.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Purification, Characterization, and Amino Acid Sequence of Cerato-platanin, a New Phytotoxic Protein from Ceratocystis fimbriata f. sp. platani

Pazzagli¹,

Cappugi²,

Manao³

et al. 1999

Journal of Biological Chemistry

170

173

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A new phytotoxic protein (cerato-platanin) of about 12.4 kDa has been identified in culture filtrates of the Ascomycete Ceratocystis fimbriata f. sp. platani, the causal agent of canker stain disease. The toxicity of the pure protein was bioassayed by detecting the inducing necrosis in tobacco leaves. The pure protein also elicited host synthesis of fluorescent substances in tobacco and plane (Platanus acerifolia) leaves. We purified the protein from culture medium to homogeneity. Its complete amino acid sequence was determined; this protein consists of 120 amino acid residues, contains 4 cysteines (S-S-bridged), and has a high percentage of hydrophobic residues. The molecular weight calculated from the amino acid sequence agrees with that determined by mass spectrometry, suggesting that no post-transnational modification occurs. Searches performed by the BLAST program in data banks (Swiss-Prot, EBI, and GenBank) revealed that this protein is highly homologous with two proteins produced by other Ascomycete fungi. One, produced during infection of wheat leaves, is codified by the snodprot1 gene of Phaeosphaeria nodorum (the causal agent of glume blotch of wheat), whereas the other is the rAsp f13 allergen from Aspergillus fumigatus. Furthermore, the N terminus of cerato-platanin is homologous with that of cerato-ulmin, a phytotoxic protein belonging to the hydrophobin family and produced by Ophiostoma (Ceratocystis) ulmi, a fungus responsible for Dutch elm disease.The European plane tree (Platanus acerifolia) is an ornamental plant species of the urban environment. A great number of plane trees in the parks and towns of southern Europe have been destroyed by Ceratocystis fimbriata (Ell. and Halst.) Davidson f. sp. platani Walter, the Ascomycete responsible for canker stain disease (1). This disease is characterized by foliar wilting and spreading lesions that involve phloem, cambium, and extensive regions of sapwood (2, 3). The pathogen spreads from tree to tree by means of root grafts of closely spaced plants and, more frequently, through wounds caused by pruning (4).The American species Platanus occidentalis has been shown to contain a source of resistance to C. fimbriata f. sp. platani that could prove of great interest in the genetic improvement of the European plane (5). Known post-infection host defense mechanisms involve physical factors such as the occlusion of the xylematic vessels and the compartmentalization of infected tissue areas as well as the production of flavans, umbelliferone, and scopoletine phytoalexins (6 -9). Unfortunately, only resistant P. occidentalis clones, not yet acclimatized to Europe, localized the disease (7,8). Recent papers (10, 11) have shown that C. fimbriata f. sp. platani displays an array of phytotoxic metabolites possibly involved in determining some of the symptoms of canker stain.In the present paper we report on the purification procedure, the amino acid sequence, and the characterization of the biological activity of a new protein (named cerato-platanin) from the cul...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…platani Walter, the Ascomycete responsible for canker stain disease (1). This disease is characterized by foliar wilting and spreading lesions that involve phloem, cambium, and extensive regions of sapwood (2,3). The pathogen spreads from tree to tree by means of root grafts of closely spaced plants and, more frequently, through wounds caused by pruning (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification, Characterization, and Amino Acid Sequence of Cerato-platanin, a New Phytotoxic Protein from Ceratocystis fimbriata f. sp. platani

Pazzagli¹,

Cappugi²,

Manao³

et al. 1999

Journal of Biological Chemistry

170

173

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“…For example, the introduction of the Platanus strain into Europe (Panconesi, 1981/ and the rubber tree strains into Malaysia (Sharpies, 1936) have lead to large-scale tree mortality. We wanted to test the hypothesis that C. albofundus might have been introduced into South Africa.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic variation in the wattle wilt pathogen Ceratocystis albofundus

et al. 2001

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Ceratocystis albofundus is an important wilt pathogen on exotic Acacia mearnsii trees in South Africa. It is known only from this country and has also been reported from native Protea spp., but it is not clear if the pathogen is native or introduced to South Africa. This study was conducted to determine the nuclear and mitochondrial gone diversity in a population of C. albofundus and to compare this diversity with that of other Ceratocystis species. Isolates were collected from a number of geographic regions in South Africa. Total genomic DNA was extracted from each isolate, digested with Psti and probed with the radioactively labelled oligonucleotide marker (CAT)s to determine nuclear DNA diversity. For the determination of mitochondrial DNA diversity, the RFLPs of Haelll digests were scored directly without probing. Nei's gone diversity (H) was determined and a distance matrix was developed for each set of markers and analyzed using UPGMA. The C. albofundus population was found to have a high level of both nuclear and mitochondrial gone diversity when compared with published data of populations of other Ceratocystis spp. This further supports the hypothesis that C. albofundus is native to South Africa.

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“…on the crown, trunks or roots of susceptible hosts are responsible for the majority of new infections of plane trees in both urban and rural environments (Panconesi et al, 2003). During sanitary operations, and in addition to wounding of plane trees, considerable amounts of contaminated sawdust may be produced; in this sawdust, the pathogen can survive for long periods (Crone, 1962;Panconesi, 1981;Mutto Accordi, 1988;Grosclaude et al, 1996). Contaminated sawdust may then be transported by wind, machinery, passing vehicles, water courses or, most often, pruning tools and other equipment, and spread the disease over long distances (Walter 1946;Walter et al, 1952;Panconesi, 1999).…”

Section: Spread By Human Assistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the pest categorisation ofCeratocystis platani(Walter) Engelbrecht et Harrington

2014

EFSA Journal

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The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to perform a pest categorisation for Ceratocystis fimbriata f. sp. platani Walter, the fungal pathogen responsible for the "canker stain" disease of plane trees. C. fimbriata f. sp. platani is listed in Annex IIAII of Directive 2000/29/EC. Recently, the pathogen has been reclassified as Ceratocystis platani (Walter) Engelbrecht et Harrington, based on intersterility studies, progeny analysis and the morphology of isolates from different hosts. C. platani is a single taxonomic entity and sensitive and reliable methods are available for its detection and differentiation from other related fungal species. The only known hosts are Platanus occidentalis, Platanus orientalis and Platanus × acerifolia. The last two plane species are the most susceptible to C. platani and are widely grown in most of the European Union Member States. C. platani is a wound pathogen causing canker and wilt and eventually death of plane trees. It is currently present in part of the risk assessment area (Greece, France, Italy), where it causes serious consequences on P. orientalis and P. × acerifolia trees grown in natural stands, coppices, and public and private gardens in both rural and urban environments. There are no obvious ecological/climatic factors limiting the potential establishment and spread of the pathogen in the non-infested part of the risk assessment area where hosts are present. C. platani has multiple natural and human-assisted means of spread, including waterways, root anastomosis, contaminated pruning tools, insects, contaminated insect frass and sawdust. The movement of infected host plants for planting and wood is considered to be responsible for the introduction of the pathogen into new areas. Cultural practices and sanitary and chemical measures applied in the infested areas may reduce inoculum sources but they cannot eliminate the pathogen. Plane accessions resistant to C. platani are available in the European market.

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Ceratocystis fimbriata of plane trees in Italy: biological aspects and control possibility

Abstract: The biology of the patliogciiic agent ol plane tvcc cmkcr {Ceratocystis fimbriata Lplatani), the vectors of the disease and the results of soinc preventive and curative trcitmonts arc described in detail.

Cited by 18 publications

References 1 publication

Purification, Characterization, and Amino Acid Sequence of Cerato-platanin, a New Phytotoxic Protein from Ceratocystis fimbriata f. sp. platani

Purification, Characterization, and Amino Acid Sequence of Cerato-platanin, a New Phytotoxic Protein from Ceratocystis fimbriata f. sp. platani

Genetic variation in the wattle wilt pathogen Ceratocystis albofundus

Scientific Opinion on the pest categorisation ofCeratocystis platani(Walter) Engelbrecht et Harrington

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