Cereal based diets modulate some markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in lean and obese Zucker rats

Abstract

BackgroundThe potential of cereals with high antioxidant capacity for reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in obesity is unknown. This study investigated the impact of wheat bran, barley or a control diet (α-cellulose) on the development of oxidative stress and inflammation in lean and obese Zucker rats.MethodsSeven wk old, lean and obese male Zucker rats (n = 8/group) were fed diets that contained wheat bran, barley or α-cellulose (control). After 3 months on these diets, systolic blood pressure was measured and plasma was analysed for glucose, insulin, lipids, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase and adipokine concentration (leptin, adiponectin, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, TNFα, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1). Adipokine secretion rates from visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue explants were also determined.ResultsObese rats had higher body weight, systolic blood pressure and fasting blood lipids, glucose, insulin, leptin and IL-1β in comparison to lean rats, and these measures were not reduced by consumption of wheat bran or barley based diets. Serum ORAC tended to be higher in obese rats fed wheat bran and barley in comparison to control (p = 0.06). Obese rats had higher plasma malondialdehyde (p < 0.01) and lower plasma glutathione peroxidase concentration (p < 0.01) but these levels were not affected by diet type. PAI-1 was elevated in the plasma of obese rats, and the wheat bran diet in comparison to the control group reduced PAI-1 to levels seen in the lean rats (p < 0.05). These changes in circulating PAI-1 levels could not be explained by PAI-1 secretion rates from visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue.ConclusionsA 3-month dietary intervention was sufficient for Zucker obese rats to develop oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. Cereal-based diets with moderate and high antioxidant capacity elicited modest improvements in indices of oxidative stress and inflammation.

Egg white hydrolysates improve vascular damage in obese Zucker rats by its antioxidant properties

“…The existence of a relationship between complications associated to MS and cardiovascular diseases is widely known, being hypertension one of the most important risk factor for development of cardiovascular pathologies (Maraj, Makaryus, Ashkar, McFarlane, & Makaryus, ). In the present study, SBP was slightly higher in 20 weeks‐old ZFR than ZLR, in agreement to that found by other researchers; in fact, ZFR are considered as pre‐hypertensive animals at young ages and hypertensive animals since 25–30 weeks of life (Belobrajdic, Lam, Mano, Wittert, & Bird, ; Oltman et al, ). Neither the HEW1 nor the HEW2 treatment modified blood pressure in ZFR rats in spite of the important in vitro ACE inhibitory and antioxidant activities described for both hydrolysates (Garcés‐Rimón, Lopez‐Expósito, et al, ) and the in vivo effects exerted by HEW1 improving glucose metabolism, obesity‐related oxidative stress, inflammation and steatosis previously observed in ZFR (Garcés‐Rimón, González, et al, ; Garcés‐Rimón et al, ).…”

Identification of Bioactive Peptides from Cereal Storage Proteins and Their Potential Role in Prevention of Chronic Diseases

“…A number of studies have shown that cereal grain consumption can lower markers of chronic disease. A study done with lean and obese Zucker rats showed that wheat bran consumption lowered plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 levels in the obese rats to the levels observed in the lean rats (Belobrajdic and others ). This was partially attributed to antioxidant capacity and the ability for wheat bran to modestly reduce oxidative stress.…”

Pattern of Deposition of Cell Wall Polysaccharides and Transcript Abundance of Related Cell Wall Synthesis Genes during Differentiation in Barley Endosperm

“…Furthermore, recent pig feeding trials indicate that consumption of arabino-(1→4)-b-D-xylan attenuates the somewhat damaging effect of the western diet on gut health (Belobrajdic et al, 2011). Conversely, (1→3, 1→4)-b-D-glucan also reduces digestibility and hence available metabolizable energy in monogastric animals such as pigs and poultry and lowers extraction potential and reduces filterability during malting and brewing (Brennan and Cleary, 2005).…”