Cereal Canopy Structure – Its Assessment and Use in Efficient Crop Management

Křen, Jan; Dryšlová, Tamara; Neudert, Lubomír; Vojtěch, Lukáš

doi:10.5772/54528

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Implementation of the biological process of barley tillering promotes the formation of better crops of optical density. Accordingly, it is undisputed that the increase in the duration of the period of vegetative development will greatly contribute to the formation of high-yielding crops aligned on the constituent elementary structural units -stems of plants (Křen et al, 2013;Noworlink and Leszczynska, 2000). According to phenological observations it is established that the start of the stem elongation -the period of generative development onset of spring barley in the conditions of western and central Forest-steppe of Ukraine occurs mainly in the second half of the third decade of May.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and biological conformity of conditions of the brewing barley cultivation zone

Гораш¹,

Klymyshena²,

Хомина³

et al. 2020

Ukr J Ecol

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The correspondence of agro-ecological and climatic factors of the external environment of the industrial zone of brewing barley to the biological requirements of barley culture has been analyzed. The peculiarity of brewing barley in the formation of the crop and its quality is characterized by the necessity of directing, in the process of photosynthesis, the accumulation of the carbohydrate component of the grain more than in the protein content. The important role of ensuring these requirements depends mainly on the PAR of the long-wavelength range, especially during the second half of the growing season, during the growth and development of the grain. At this time, an important factor in ensuring the brewing quality of barley is the moisture supply of soil moisture, as it depends on the growth process of the grain. The barley culture belongs to the early spring cereals. Due to the changes in climatic conditions, which is directly related to the zone of industrial brewing of barley by analysis of ten-year temperature data, the favorable conditions for the growth and development of barley, the conditions of sowing in early spring have been found. In particular, sowing time is actually possible 20-25 days earlier than traditional, this is the first and second ten days of March. Conducted trial reconnaissance crops in the first decade of March ensured the effective development of plants and the formation of crops favorable to meet the quality requirements for the cultivation of products for the production of malt. The vegetative period of development before the onset of the generative has increased in plants up to 45 days, which by itself is a rather positive component of the efficiency of cultivation technology according to the results of the analysis of climatic factors of the zone of industrial production of brewing barley. As a result of analytical studies the improvement of ecological and biological compliance of spring barley development for the period 2010-2019 has been revealed. Due to the early onset of heat in March, there was a need to make adjustments to certain elements of technology based on appropriate research to ensure effective implementation of the agro-ecological resource of the area. The urgent tasks, with the aim of balanced processes of spring barley development to energy conditions of the environment, are research with seeding rate, row spacing, depth of seeds wrapping, application of mineral fertilizers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and biological conformity of conditions of the brewing barley cultivation zone

Гораш¹,

Klymyshena²,

Хомина³

et al. 2020

Ukr J Ecol

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“…Tar formations are transitional with temperature, they are transformed from primary tar to phenolic compounds, and then to higher aromatic hydrocarbon, shown in Figure 8. Temperature is one of the key parameters that influences the composition of tar, higher temperature leads to increase in the rate of formation of 3-and 4-ring aromatics, BTEX and naphthalene content [78][79][80]. While, increasing reaction temperature decreases oxygen-containing (phenol and cresols) and light PAHs.…”

Section: 2sintering and Other Forms Of Deactivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified nickel-based catalysts for improved steam reforming of biomass tar: A critical review

Gao

Salisu

Quan

et al. 2021

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

177

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“…However, syngas can also contain organic pollutants or 'tars' that consist of linear chain hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as aromatic, phenolic, and polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) species (Carpenter et al, 2007;Palma, 2013;Ponzio et al, 2006). Despite their importance to the calorific value of syngas for energy generation (Hossain and Davies, 2013;Sharma et al, 2012) small VOCs such as benzene, ethylene, and acetylene are particularly important to monitor as they can cause chemical contamination and catalyst deactivation at significant monetary cost (Bosmans et al, 2013;Rabou and Drift, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary investigation of anaerobically digested municipal sludge cake and contaminated soil for recycling by pyrolysis

Sullivan

Prigmore²,

Knight³

et al. 2020

Bioresource Technology Reports

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This work has investigated the potential of pyrolysis as a recycling solution for two largely uncharacterised waste streams, anaerobically digested (AD) municipal sludge cake and brownfield soil (contaminated with oily sludge). Characterisation of emitted organic compounds from pyrolysis were captured in a solvent (acetone) scrubber and analysed by GC-MS. Both AD sludge cake and brownfield soil showed considerable promise for 'green-er' fuels, as a source of syngas (with CO supplementation) and volatile aromatics essential for fuel quality. However, these waste streams also generated significant amounts of additional highly toxic pollutants of varying chemistries, further emphasising the importance of using a trapping approach applicable to a broader range of chemicals. Pleasingly the acetone trap showed very good efficacy in capturing this breadth of chemistries, supporting its use as an alternative capture and preparative method, for monitoring volatile and semi-volatile organic tars Keywords Scrubber Pyrolysis/gasification contaminants Tar analysis Gas chromatography-thermal conductivity detection (GC-TCD) Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

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Cereal Canopy Structure – Its Assessment and Use in Efficient Crop Management

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Ecological and biological conformity of conditions of the brewing barley cultivation zone

Ecological and biological conformity of conditions of the brewing barley cultivation zone

Modified nickel-based catalysts for improved steam reforming of biomass tar: A critical review

A preliminary investigation of anaerobically digested municipal sludge cake and contaminated soil for recycling by pyrolysis

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