Cereal fibre intake and risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, cancer and inflammatory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Abstract

Dietary fibre intake has been associated with a lower risk of mortality; however, findings on the association of different sources of dietary fibre with mortality are conflicting. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prospective cohort studies to assess the relation between cereal fibre intake and cause-specific mortality. Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, ISI web of Science and Google scholar were searched up to April 2015. Eligible prospective cohort studies were included if they provided hazard ratios (HR) or relative risks (RR) and corresponding 95 % CI for the association of cereal fibre intake and mortality from all causes, CVD, cancer and inflammatory diseases. The study-specific HR were pooled by using the random-effects model. In total, fourteen prospective studies that examined the association of cereal fibre intake with mortality from all causes (n 48 052 death), CVD (n 16 882 death), cancer (n 19 489 death) and inflammatory diseases (n 1092 death) were included. The pooled adjusted HR of all-cause mortality for the highest v. the lowest category of cereal fibre intake was 0·81 (95 % CI 0·79, 0·83). Consumption of cereal fibre intake was associated with an 18 % lower risk of CVD mortality (RR 0·82; 95 % CI 0·78, 0·86). Moreover, an inverse significant association was observed between cereal fibre intake and risk of death from cancer (RR 0·85; 95 % CI 0·81, 0·89). However, no significant association was seen between cereal fibre intake and inflammation-related mortality. This meta-analysis provides further evidence that cereal fibre intake was protectively associated with mortality from all causes, CVD and cancer.Key words: Cereal fibres: Mortality: CVD: Cancer: Inflammation Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are the main causes of death worldwide. CVD, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes account for 60 % of all deaths worldwide and 80 % in low-or middle-income countries (1)

Insight of Dietary Fibers Consumption and Obesity Prevention

“…Studies performed in the last years [1][2][3]7,9], showed that DF intake was below the recommended value, and the prevalence of cancer and obesity increased in the last decade, data that sustain the need for proper educational intervention and an updated national food-based dietary guidelines.…”

“…Despite the recommendations, worldwide the quantity of dietary fibers in the menus is low, being influenced by cultural changes and preferences for eating out-home, by urbanisation, by more refined and processed types of food on the market, economic development along with new western-type diet trends and lack of information on this topic. Consequently, these changes have been associated with an increase in the global prevalence of non-communicable diseases and even mortality [1][2][3].…”

“…Research studies and reports [2][3][4][5][6][7] showed that consumers' average DF consumption was below the recommended value and also WHO estimates that the prevalence of obesity increased in the last decade all over the world, data that are a big concern and sustain the need for updated food-based dietary guidelines tuned to each country culture, climate and food sources [1]. Most of the studies upon the population practices of consuming regarding dietary fibers food products were cross-sectional surveys, done all over the world, and the results showed that females were more likely than males to answer correctly in at least half of the occasions and secondary school graduates had 10 times more chances to answer correctly, compared to university graduates [8].…”

Glycaemic Profile and Insulin Response after Consuming Triticale Flakes

“…The protective role of the MedDiet against these health outcomes has also been shown consistently in the long-term PREDI-MED (2003 randomised trial (Babio et al, 2014;Buil-Cosiales et al, 2016). A reason explaining why the MedDiet influences our health positively has been attributed to its low-glycaemic properties and dietary fibre (DF) content that is associated with bioactive ingredients (Babio et al, 2014;Buil-Cosiales et al, 2016;Salas-Salvadó et al, 2016) Recent studies highlight that specific cereal fibre may have a positive impact on human health (Evans et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2015;Aune et al, 2016;Hajishafiee et al, 2016).…”

Whole-Grain Intake and Mortality from All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

“…In addition, another recent meta-analysis of cohort studies (9) reported that cereal fiber intake was associated with lower risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. Some, but not all (10)(11)(12), earlier investigations showed an inverse association between whole-grain intake and mortality.…”