Cerebellar Control of Constrained and Unconstrained Movements. I. Nuclear Inactivation

Goodkin, Howard P.; Thach, W. T.

doi:10.1152/jn.00114.2002

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Thach et al (1992) reported no deficit in finger movements but did see walking on the paw dorsum. Goodkin and Thach (2003) reported deficits in all types of limb movements including finger movements, while Monzée et al (2004) reported deficits in upper limb but not finger movements. Muscimol can spread large distances (Martin, 1991), and the different reports may reflect inactivation of different regions of the nuclei.…”

Section: Rdao Inactivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Relations of Cerebellar Modules of the Cat

Horn¹,

Pong²,

Gibson³

2010

Journal of Neuroscience

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The cerebellum consists of parasagittal zones that define fundamental modules of neural processing. Each zone receives input from a distinct subdivision of the inferior olive (IO)-activity in one olivary subdivision will affect activity in one cerebellar module. To define functions of the cerebellar modules, we inactivated specific olivary subdivisions in six male cats with a glutamate receptor blocker. Olivary inactivation eliminates Purkinje cell complex spikes, which results in a high rate of Purkinje cell simple spike discharge. The increased simple spike discharge inhibits output from connected regions of the cerebellar nuclei. After inactivation, behavior was evaluated during a reach-to-grasp task and during locomotion. Inactivation of each subdivision produced unique behavioral deficits. Performance of the reach-to-grasp task was affected by inactivation of the rostral dorsal accessory olive (rDAO) and the rostral medial accessory olive (rMAO) and, possibly, the principal olive. rDAO inactivation produced paw drag during locomotion and a deficit in grasping the handle during the reach-to-grasp task. rMAO inactivation caused the cats to reach under the handle and produced severe limb drag during locomotion. Inactivation of the dorsal medial cell column, cell group ␤, or caudal medial accessory olive produced little deficit in the reach-to-grasp task, but each produced a different deficit during locomotion. In all cases, the cats appeared to have intact sensation, good spatial awareness, and no change of affect. Normal cerebellar function requires low rates of IO discharge, and each cerebellar module has a specific and unique function in sensory-motor integration.

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Section: Rdao Inactivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Relations of Cerebellar Modules of the Cat

Horn¹,

Pong²,

Gibson³

2010

Journal of Neuroscience

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“…observed after basal ganglia lesions in both rodents 77,78 and primates. [79][80][81][82][83] In primates, lesions inducing dystonia were located in the posterior sensorimotor putamen. 84 Overall, the role of the basal ganglia in dystonia is largely supported by convergent evidence from different sources.…”

Section: Is Dystonia Caused By Defects In the Basal Ganglia Cerebellmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anatomical basis of dystonia: Current view using neuroimaging

et al. 2013

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This review will consider the knowledge that neuroimaging studies have provided to the understanding of the anatomy of dystonia. Major advances have occurred in the use of neuroimaging for dystonia in the past 2 decades. At present, the most developed imaging approaches include whole-brain or region-specific studies of structural or diffusion changes, functional imaging using fMRI or positron emission tomography (PET), and metabolic imaging using fluorodeoxyglucose PET. These techniques have provided evidence that regions other than the basal ganglia are involved in dystonia. In particular, there is increasing evidence that primary dystonia can be viewed as a circuit disorder, involving the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical and cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathways. This suggests that a better understanding of the dysfunction in each region in the network and their interactions are important topics to address. Current views of interpretation of imaging data as cause or consequence of dystonia, and the postmortem correlates of imaging data are presented. The application of imaging as a tool to monitor therapy and its use as an outcome measure will be discussed. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society.

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“…Inactivation of cerebellar nuclei using muscimol in monkeys has yielded conflicting results. Goodkin and Thach (2003) found that muscimol injections in the dentate nucleus can give rise to impaired timing of finger movements, causing delays of up to 50 ms. Monzée et al (2004) reported no immediate effect (within 20 min) of muscimol injections into the dentate nucleus and observed impaired grip force performance on trials where the animal's arm showed tremor and dysmetria and was unrestrained. However, if the forearm was restrained, the grip force behavior was seemingly normal (Monzée et al, 2004).…”

Section: Neurophysiological Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipatory grip force control using a cerebellar model

2009

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Abstract-Grip force modulation has a rich history of research, but the results remain to be integrated as a neurocomputational model and applied in a robotic system. Adaptive grip force control as exhibited by humans would enable robots to handle objects with sufficient yet minimal force, thus minimizing the risk of crushing objects or inadvertently dropping them. We investigated the feasibility of grip force control by means of a biological neural approach to ascertain the possibilities for future application in robotics. As the cerebellum appears crucial for adequate grip force control, we tested a computational model of the olivo-cerebellar system. This model takes into account that the processing of sensory signals introduces a 100 ms delay, and because of this delay, the system needs to learn anticipatory rather than feedback control. For training, we considered three scenarios for feedback information: (1) grip force error estimation, (2) sensory input on deformation of the fingertips, and (3) as a control, noise. The system was trained on a data set consisting of force and acceleration recordings from human test subjects. Our results show that the cerebellar model is capable of learning and performing anticipatory grip force control closely resembling that of human test subjects despite the delay. The system performs best if the delayed feedback signal carries an error estimation, but it can also perform well when sensory data are used instead. Thus, these tests indicate that a cerebellar neural network can indeed serve well in anticipatory grip force control not only in a biological but also in an artificial system.

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Cerebellar Control of Constrained and Unconstrained Movements. I. Nuclear Inactivation

Cited by 38 publications

References 32 publications

Functional Relations of Cerebellar Modules of the Cat

Functional Relations of Cerebellar Modules of the Cat

The anatomical basis of dystonia: Current view using neuroimaging

Anticipatory grip force control using a cerebellar model

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