Cerebellar Inputs to Intraparietal Cortex Areas LIP and MIP: Functional Frameworks for Adaptive Control of Eye Movements, Reaching, and Arm/Eye/Head Movement Coordination

Prevosto, Vincent; Graf, Werner; Ugolini, Gabriella

doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp091

Cited by 152 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(196 reference statements)

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“…S1 . We add that previous studies employing transneuronal retrograde tracing also showed cerebellar projections to areas AIP and 7b 24 and to LIP and VIP 25 .…”

Section: Sdusupporting

confidence: 71%

Unravelling cerebellar pathways with high temporal precision targeting motor and extensive sensory and parietal networks

et al. 2012

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Increasing evidence has implicated the cerebellum in providing forward models of motor plants predicting the sensory consequences of actions. Assuming that cerebellar input to the cerebral cortex contributes to the cerebro-cortical processing by adding forward model signals, we would expect to fi nd projections emphasising motor and sensory cortical areas. However, this expectation is only partially met by studies of cerebello -cerebral connections. Here we show that by electrically stimulating the cerebellar output and imaging responses with functional magnetic resonance imaging, evoked blood oxygen level-dependant activity is observed not only in the classical cerebellar projection target, the primary motor cortex, but also in a number of additional areas in insular, parietal and occipital cortex, including sensory cortical representations. Further probing of the responses reveals a projection system that has been optimized to mediate fast and temporarily precise information. In conclusion, both the topography of the stimulation effects and its emphasis on temporal precision are in full accordance with the concept of cerebellar forward model information modulating cerebro-cortical processing.

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“…S1 . We add that previous studies employing transneuronal retrograde tracing also showed cerebellar projections to areas AIP and 7b 24 and to LIP and VIP 25 .…”

Section: Sdusupporting

confidence: 71%

Unravelling cerebellar pathways with high temporal precision targeting motor and extensive sensory and parietal networks

et al. 2012

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“…1 and Table S1). RV is transported transneuronally in the retrograde direction in a time-dependent fashion in nonhuman primates (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). We set the survival time at 42 h to allow two stages of transport: retrograde transport of RV to first-order neurons that project to the injection site and then, retrograde transneuronal transport of the virus to second-order neurons that make synaptic connections with the first-order neurons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When all injections were completed, the cerebellum was covered with artificial dura and the incision was closed in anatomical layers. The monkeys were placed in an isolation chamber and administered an analgesic (buprenorphine; 0.01 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (0.25 mg/kg) every 12 h. Prior studies have demonstrated that RV is transported exclusively in the retrograde direction in a time-dependent fashion (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). The available evidence suggests that the spread of RV is exclusively transsynaptic and that the virus is neither taken up by fibers of passage nor transported between neurons and glia (5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The basal ganglia communicate with the cerebellum

Bostan

Dum

Strick

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

689

545

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The basal ganglia and cerebellum are major subcortical structures that influence not only movement, but putatively also cognition and affect. Both structures receive input from and send output to the cerebral cortex. Thus, the basal ganglia and cerebellum form multisynaptic loops with the cerebral cortex. Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops have been assumed to be anatomically separate and to perform distinct functional operations. We investigated whether there is any direct route for basal ganglia output to influence cerebellar function that is independent of the cerebral cortex. We injected rabies virus (RV) into selected regions of the cerebellar cortex in cebus monkeys and used retrograde transneuronal transport of the virus to determine the origin of multisynaptic inputs to the injection sites. We found that the subthalamic nucleus of the basal ganglia has a substantial disynaptic projection to the cerebellar cortex. This pathway provides a means for both normal and abnormal signals from the basal ganglia to influence cerebellar function. We previously showed that the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum has a disynaptic projection to an input stage of basal ganglia processing, the striatum. Taken together these results provide the anatomical substrate for substantial two-way communication between the basal ganglia and cerebellum. Thus, the two subcortical structures may be linked together to form an integrated functional network. cerebellar cortex | subthalamic nucleus | virus tracing T he basal ganglia and cerebellum are major subcortical structures that influence not only movement, but putatively also cognition and affect (1, 2). Both structures receive input from and send output to the cerebral cortex. Thus, the basal ganglia and cerebellum form multisynaptic loops with the cerebral cortex. The major interactions between these loops were thought to occur largely at the cortical level (3). Recently, we showed that one of the output nuclei of the cerebellum, the dentate nucleus, has a disynaptic projection to an input stage of basal ganglia processing, the striatum (4). This pathway enables cerebellar output to influence basal ganglia function. Here, we investigated whether a comparable pathway allows basal ganglia output to influence cerebellar function. We injected rabies virus (RV) into regions of the cerebellar cortex in cebus monkeys and used retrograde transneuronal transport of the virus to determine the origin of multisynaptic inputs to the injection sites. Our results indicate that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of the basal ganglia has substantial disynaptic projections to the cerebellar cortex. ResultsWe injected the N2c strain of RV into selected sites within the cerebellar cortex of three cebus monkeys ( Fig. 1 and Table S1). RV is transported transneuronally in the retrograde direction in a time-dependent fashion in nonhuman primates (4-8). We set the survival time at 42 h to allow two stages of transport: retrograde transport of RV to first-order neurons that project to the injection site and th...

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“…Indeed, saccade adaptation was reduced in patients with lesions in the cerebral thalamus (Gaymard et al, 2001). Cerebellar projections to the parietal cortex via cerebellothalamocortical pathways have been shown to be functionally relevant for the adaptive control of eye movements as well as for adaptation of visual localization (Prevosto et al, 2010). Our results leave open the possibility that the adaptation and mislocalization effects are functionally spatiotopic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Eye Position Effects in Oculomotor Plasticity and Visual Localization

Zimmermann

Lappe²

2011

J. Neurosci.

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For visual localization to remain accurate across changes of gaze, a signal representing the position of the eye in the orbita is needed to code spatial locations in a reference frame that is independent of retinal displacements. Here we report evidence that the localization of visual objects in space is coded in an extraretinal reference frame. In human subjects, we used outward saccadic adaptation, which can be induced artificially by a systematic displacement of the saccade target. This form of oculomotor plasticity is accompanied by changes in spatial perception, thus highlighting the relevance of saccade metrics for visual localization. We tested the reference frame of outward adaptation for reactive and scanning saccades and visual localization. For scanning saccades, adaptation magnitude was drastically reduced at positions distant from the adapted eye position. Changes in visual localization showed a very similar modulation of eye position. These results suggest that scanning saccade adaptation is encoded in a nonretinotopic reference frame. Eye position effects for reactive saccade adaptation were smaller, and the induced mislocalization did not vary significantly between eye positions. The different modulation of reactive and scanning saccade adaptation supports the idea that oculomotor plasticity can occur at multiple sites in the brain. The findings are also consistent with previous evidence for a stronger influence of scanning saccade adaptation on the visual localization of objects in space.

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Cerebellar Inputs to Intraparietal Cortex Areas LIP and MIP: Functional Frameworks for Adaptive Control of Eye Movements, Reaching, and Arm/Eye/Head Movement Coordination

Cited by 152 publications

References 110 publications

Unravelling cerebellar pathways with high temporal precision targeting motor and extensive sensory and parietal networks

Unravelling cerebellar pathways with high temporal precision targeting motor and extensive sensory and parietal networks

The basal ganglia communicate with the cerebellum

Eye Position Effects in Oculomotor Plasticity and Visual Localization

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