Cerebral arterial thrombosis preceding ulcerative colitis.

Jorens, Philippe G.; Delvigne, C; Hermans, Colette R.; Haber, I; Holvoet, J; Deyn, Peter Paul De

doi:10.1161/01.str.22.9.1212

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…42 Most authors described resolution of the thrombosis with systemic anticoagulant therapy. 45 Arterial Thromboembolism Arterial thromboembolic events occur much less frequently than venous thromboembolic complications in IBD, and they may affect the cerebral, [58][59][60][61][62] retinal, [32][33][34] coronary, 10,63 carotid, 64 splanchnic, iliac, renal, upper and lower limb arteries, or the aorta. 8,45,65 The most commonly reported complications associated with arterial thrombosis are ischemia or infarction of the small bowel and colon, and ischemia/ infarction of the leg, foot, and toe.…”

Section: Venous Thromboembolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thromboembolism in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Insidious Association Requiring a High Degree of Vigilance

Fabio¹,

Lykoudis²,

Gordon³

2011

Semin Thromb Hemost

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Venous and arterial thromboembolism are both serious extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Acquired risk factors seem to play a more prominent role than congenital in promoting thrombotic events. Prevention of thromboembolism is thus mainly aimed at minimizing the acquired/reversible risk factors (e.g., inflammation, immobility, hospitalization, steroid therapy, central intravenous catheters, smoking, oral contraceptives, and deficiency of B vitamins and folate). The diagnosis of venous and arterial thromboembolism is extremely challenging and requires a high degree of vigilance. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism may be clinically silent or manifest with only few specific symptoms. Thrombosis of the portal vein system may occur with nonspecific symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, abdominal tenderness, ascites, and fever. The diagnosis of arterial thromboembolism may also be challenging, particularly when the splanchnic region is involved. Indeed, arterial thrombosis of the splanchnic region tends to be overlooked and misinterpreted as a clinical exacerbation of IBD. Early diagnosis plays a central role in optimizing the therapeutic intervention and reducing the risk of short-term and long-term thrombosis-associated complications. The decision regarding the duration of systemic anticoagulation must take into account the individual risk of intestinal bleeding.

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Section: Venous Thromboembolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thromboembolism in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Insidious Association Requiring a High Degree of Vigilance

Fabio¹,

Lykoudis²,

Gordon³

2011

Semin Thromb Hemost

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“…Recent studies have begun to reveal the importance of combinatorial extracellular stimuli in directing the responses of immune cells. For example, when DCs are exposed to lipopolysaccharide in the context of apoptotic cells, they induce TH17 cells, a response that is not achieved by either stimulus alone (74). Retinoic acid acts alone on T-cells to induce Treg cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combinatorial Cytokine Code Generates Anti-Viral State in Dendritic Cells

et al. 2014

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The physiological function of the immune system and the response to therapeutic immunomodulators may be sensitive to combinatorial cytokine micro-environments that shape the responses of specific immune cells. Previous work shows that paracrine cytokines released by virus-infected human dendritic cells (DC) can dictate the maturation state of naïve DCs. To understand the effects of paracrine signaling, we systematically studied the effects of combinations cytokines in this complex mixture in generating an anti-viral state. After naïve DCs were exposed to either IFNβ or to paracrine signaling released by DCs infected by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), microarray analysis revealed a large number of genes that were differently regulated by the DC-secreted paracrine signaling. In order to identify the cytokine mechanisms involved, we identified 20 cytokines secreted by NDV infected DCs for which the corresponding receptor gene is expressed in naïve DCs. By exposing cells to all combinations of 19 cytokines (leave-one-out studies), we identified five cytokines (IFNβ, TNFα, IL-1β, TNFSF15, and IL28) as candidates for regulating DC maturation markers. Subsequent experiments identified IFNβ, TNFα, and IL1β as the major contributors to this anti-viral state. This finding was supported by infection studies in vitro, by T-cell activation studies and by in vivo infection studies in mouse. Combination of cytokines can cause response states in DCs that differ from those achieved by the individual cytokines alone. These results suggest that the cytokine microenvironment may act via a combinatorial code to direct the response state of specific immune cells. Further elucidation of this code may provide insight into responses to infection and neoplasia as well as guide the development of combinatorial cytokine immunomodulation for infectious, autoimmune, and immunosurveillance-related diseases.

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“…[495][496][497][498][499][500] The bowel disease is not necessarily active at the time and may even present after the stroke. [495][496][497][498][499][500] The bowel disease is not necessarily active at the time and may even present after the stroke.…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%