“…In physical activities conducted in water, physiological changes are observed through three important factors. Firstly, the elimination of gravity and the increase in hydrostatic pressure due to the nature of water occur (Türkmen et al, 2022) .This increases cardiovascular efficiency in individuals and, functionally, augments the amount of blood returning to the heart, thereby increasing stroke volume (Pendergast et al, 2015). This circulatory change affects many physiological systems secondarily.…”