Vertical head-out water immersion has different physiological effects on the human body system due to hydrostatic pressure and different water temperatures. This review examines the changes in cerebral blood flow and metabolism during head-out water immersion and in-water exercise. Systematic research was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus databases, by binary research methods. It included 11 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Studies have shown that acutely vertical head-out immersion in thermoneutral water and in-water exercise positively affects the circulation and metabolism of the brain. In healthy people, vertical immersion in thermoneutral water increases brain activity by increasing cerebral artery velocity and oxygenation. But, acutely, immersion in hot and cold water does not have a positive effect on cerebral circulation.