Cerebral blood flow patterns in Binswanger's disease: a SPECT study using three-dimensional stereotactic surface projections

Regional differences in cortical benzodiazepine receptors of Alzheimer, vascular, and mixed dementia patients

“…Functional brain imaging studies using positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) have been used for the diagnosis and understanding of the pathophysiology of dementia. SPECT can reveal regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) abnormalities that may be characteristic of different types of dementia; subcortical VaD shows decreased rCBF in the frontal lobe, while AD shows decreased rCBF in the parietotemporal lobe [7][8][9]. The distribution of central benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) binding potential has been widely studied with SPECT using 123 I-iomazenil (IMZ).…”

Temporal order memory differences in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia

“…Vascular dementia (VaD) resulting from chronic microangiopathic damage is characterized by impaired executive functioning within the context of relatively preserved recognition memory (Cannata, Alberoni, Franceschi, & Mariani, 2002;Graham, Emery, & Hodges, 2004;Libon et al, 2008;Looi & Sachdev, 1999;Roman, Erkinjuntti, Wallin, Pantoni, & Chui, 2002;Traykov et al, 2002). This executive dysfunction is presumably caused by the marked white matter damage that impedes communication between the frontal lobes and rest of the brain (Libon, Price, Davis-Garrett, & Giovannetti, 2004;Looi & Sachdev, 1999;Sachdev et al, 2004) and results in frontal lobe abnormalities during functional neuroimaging studies (Capizzano et al, 2000;Hanyu et al, 2004;Ihara et al, 2004;Reed, Eberling, Mungas, Weiner, & Jagust, 2000;Starkstein et al, 1996). Thus, temporally based memory judgments should be more impaired in VaD patients than in those with early AD, especially if such abilities are assessed after short delays that are less sensitive to medial temporal functioning.…”

Vascular incontinence: incontinence in the elderly due to ischemic white matter changes

“…65 This is in line with the fact that MRI volumetry showed frontal lobe atrophy, 66 where glucose and N-acetyl-aspartate metabolism was most severely reduced. 67,68 Corresponding to this, brain perfusion was most severely reduced in the frontal lobe of subjects with white matter change, 69 a finding that must still be fully explained. However, in these patients, hypoxic-ischemic damage to oligodendrocytes was marked in the frontal lobe thus impairing not only the frontal micturition pathway, but also the frontal gait and cognitive pathways, relevant also to cerebrovascular parkinsonism and dementia.…”