Cerebral/Cortical Visual Impairment: A Need to Reassess Current Definitions of Visual Impairment and Blindness

Kran, Barry S.; Lawrence, Linda; Mayer, D. Luisa; Heidary, Gena

doi:10.1016/j.spen.2019.05.005

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Prvobitno je za označavanje ovih lezija korišćen termin kortikalno oštećenje vida, što upućuje na to da je oštećenje koje dovodi do problema u vizuelnom funkcionisanju locirano u moždanoj kori (Dutton, 2006). Sintagmu kortikalno slepilo prvi je upotrebio Holms (Gordon Holmes) 1918. godine da bi opisao oštećenje vida nastalo kod vojnika usled povreda potiljačnog dela kore mozga (Kran, Lawrence, Mayer, & Heidary, 2019). Kortikalno oštećenje vida među prvima pominju Viting i saradnici (Whiting, et al, 1985, prema Martín et al, 2016 za opis vizuelnih teškoća koje nisu uzrokovane oboljenjem oka, već se pretpostavljalo da su povezane s oštećenjem vizuelnih kortikalnih područja.…”

Section: Uvodunclassified

“…Imajući u vidu da je veliki deo mozga odgovoran za vizuelnoperceptivne aktivnosti (gledanje/viđenje), ne iznenađuje što činioci koji utiču na strukturu i funkcionisanje mozga dovode i do oštećenja vida (Dutton, 2006;Philip & Dutton, 2014). Međutim, kriterijumi na kojima počivaju standardne definicije oštećenja vida, oštrina vida i širina vidnog polja ne obuhvataju decu sa CVI, tako da im administrativne prepreke često čine nedostupnim specijalizovane usluge (Kran et al, 2019). Stoga Kran i saradnici predlažu da se izmeni definicija oštećenja vida i obuhvate i deca s cerebralnim oštećenjem vida, čime bi se otvorile mogućnosti za njihovo blagovremeno identifikovanje i uključivanje u tretman (Kran et al, 2019).…”

Section: Uvodunclassified

“…Međutim, kriterijumi na kojima počivaju standardne definicije oštećenja vida, oštrina vida i širina vidnog polja ne obuhvataju decu sa CVI, tako da im administrativne prepreke često čine nedostupnim specijalizovane usluge (Kran et al, 2019). Stoga Kran i saradnici predlažu da se izmeni definicija oštećenja vida i obuhvate i deca s cerebralnim oštećenjem vida, čime bi se otvorile mogućnosti za njihovo blagovremeno identifikovanje i uključivanje u tretman (Kran et al, 2019).…”

Section: Uvodunclassified

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Cortical visual impairment: Diagnostic criteria and treatment elements

Vučinić¹,

Stanimirov²,

Alimović³

et al. 2019

Spec eduk i rehabilitacija

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Section: Uvodunclassified

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Cortical visual impairment: Diagnostic criteria and treatment elements

Vučinić¹,

Stanimirov²,

Alimović³

et al. 2019

Spec eduk i rehabilitacija

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“…Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) encompasses various conditions related to problems in higher-order visual processing caused by injury to the retrogeniculate pathways and brain structures. 1 2 Children with cerebral or cortical visual problems have difficulties in recognizing people, objects, depth, and movement, simultaneous perception, orientation and navigation, and in performing visual field tests. 1 3 4 Problems with higher visual functions may be outstanding or unnoticed, and may lead to the underdevelopment of motor coordination and cognitive abilities, possibly even affecting socioemotional development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Parental Questionnaire for Cerebral Visual Impairment in Children Younger than 72 Months

Moon

Kim²,

Kim

et al. 2021

J Clin Neurol

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Background and Purpose Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is an underdiagnosed condition in children, and its assessment tools have focused on older children. We aimed to develop a parental questionnaire for cerebral visual impairment (PQCVI) for screening CVI in young children. Methods The PQCVI comprised 23 questions based on a modified version of Houliston and Dutton's questionnaire for older children. The PQCVI with neurocognitive function tests was applied to 201 child-parent pairs with typically developing children younger than 72 months (age 32.4±20.1 months, mean±standard deviation). The children were classified into six age groups. The normative data, cutoff scores, and internal reliability were assessed and item analysis was performed. We referred to the total score for all questions as the cerebral visual function (CVF) score. Results The normative data showed that the CVF score and the scores corresponding to ventral-stream and dorsal-stream visual functions plausibly increased with age. The scores rapidly reached 90% of their maximum values up to the age of 36 months, after which they increased slowly. Cronbach's alpha for all questions across all age groups was 0.97, showing excellent consistency. The item difficulty and item discrimination coefficients showed that the questions were generally adequate for this age stage. Conclusions The PQCVI items produced reliable responses in children younger than 72 months. The rapid increase in scores before the age of 3 years supports the importance of early identification of CVI. Following additional clinical verification, the PQCVI may be useful for CVI screening.

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“…The development of such tools may prove useful in the future to assess the visual abilities of children and individualise support plans or interventions in an educational or (re)habilitation context. Assessments focussed purely on testing visual acuity and visual fields are unable to capture deficits in visual attention and higher order visual processing functions that are apparent in children with cerebral vision impairments (CVIs) (Kran et al 2019) so suitable protocols that assess visual attentional functions may also be of use in this respect (Vancleef, Janssens, Petré, Wagemans, and Ortibus, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The table-top visual search ability test for children and young people: normative response time data from typically developing children

Waddington¹,

Pickering

Hodgson

2019

Preprint

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AbstractFive table-top tasks were developed to test the visual search ability of children and young people in a real-world context, and to assess the transfer of training related improvements in visual search on computerised tasks to real-world activities. Each task involved searching for a set of target objects among distracting objects on a table-top. Performance on the Table-top Visual Search Ability Test for Children (TVSAT-C) was measured as the time spent searching for targets divided by the number of targets found. 108 typically developing children (3-11 years old) and 8 children with vision impairment (7-12 years old) participated in the study. A significant correlation was found between log-transformed age and log-transformed performance (R2 = 0.65, p = 4 × 10−26) in our normative sample, indicating a monomial power law relationship between age and performance with an exponent of −1.67, 95% CI [−1.90, −1.43]. We calculated age-dependent percentiles and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated the 3rd percentile as the optimal cut-off for detecting a visual search deficit, giving a specificity of 97.2%, 95% CI [92.2%, 99.1%] and sensitivity of 87.5%, 95% CI [52.9%, 97.8%] for the test. Further studies are required to calculate measures of reliability and external validity, to confirm sensitivity for visual search deficits, and to investigate the most appropriate response modes for participants with conditions that affect manual dexterity. Additionally, more work is needed to assess construct validity where semantic knowledge is required that younger children may not have experience with. We have made the protocol and age-dependent normative data available for those interested in using the test in research or practice, and to illustrate the smooth developmental trajectory of visual search ability during childhood.

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Cerebral/Cortical Visual Impairment: A Need to Reassess Current Definitions of Visual Impairment and Blindness

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Cortical visual impairment: Diagnostic criteria and treatment elements

Cortical visual impairment: Diagnostic criteria and treatment elements

Development of the Parental Questionnaire for Cerebral Visual Impairment in Children Younger than 72 Months

The table-top visual search ability test for children and young people: normative response time data from typically developing children

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