Cerebral lateralization of global–local processing in people with schizotypy

Goodarzi, Mohammad Ali; Wykes, Til; Hemsley, David R.

doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(99)00173-5

Cited by 72 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Healthy participants scoring highly on each of these two scales typically demonstrate the same pattern of neuro-cognitive deficits as the schizophrenic patients, with pronounced positive or disorganized symptomatology (e.g., Burch et al, 1998;Goodarzi et al, 2000;Rawlings & Goldberg, 2001). Therefore, the absence of an impaired performance on the Hidden Figures Test for participants who scored high on 'Unusual Experiences' and 'Cognitive Disorganisation', can reinforce further the idea that the observed impairment on the Hidden Figures Test is specific to the negative aspect of schizotypy, and possibly to negative symptomatology of schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fourth dimension ('Impulsivity Nonconformity') refers to the impulsive, aggressive and asocial aspects of psychosis, and is largely based on Eysenck's Psychoticism scale (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975). Contributing to the experimental validity of this schizotypy inventory, various studies have confirmed that high schizotypy scorers, as identified by the O-LIFE sub-scales, demonstrate the same neuro-cognitive deficits as the schizophrenic patients (e.g., Burch, Steel & Hemsley, 1998;Goodarzi, Wykes & Hemsley, 2000;Rawlings & Goldberg, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Visuo-spatial processing and dimensions of schizotypy: figure-ground segregation as a function of psychotic-like features

Tsakanikos

Reed

2003

Personality and Individual Differences

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Visuo-spatial processing and dimensions of schizotypy: figure-ground segregation as a function of psychotic-like features

Tsakanikos

Reed

2003

Personality and Individual Differences

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“…Goodarzi et al (2000) found that, in people scoring highly on schizotypy, local processing dominates global processing, thus producing a deficit in perceptual Gestalt organization. Gestalt organization is a paradigmatic example of cognitive coordination.…”

Section: Deficits In Perceptual Groupingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence of biological and psychological perspectives on cognitive coordination in schizophrenia

Phillips¹,

Silverstein²

2003

Behav Brain Sci

380

314

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Cognitive neuroscience provides a new conceptual framework for psychiatry by showing how psychological processes arise from neuronal activity (Kandel 1998). Conversely, it is possible that psychiatry will influence the future development of cognitive neuroscience by encouraging a better balance between localist and holistic conceptions of brain function. An apparent conflict between these conceptions has been central to the development of neuroscience, with the emphasis upon locally specialized functions emerging as clearly dominant. Neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuropsychology, and neuroimaging all show that different regions of the brain process information about different things, and that different cells within regions deal with different aspects of those things. Recent developments in experimental and theoretical neurobiology, however, are leading to an increased emphasis upon interactions that coordinate the activity of locally specialized processors. Here we argue that impairment of these coor-BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2003) Abstract:The concept of locally specialized functions dominates research on higher brain function and its disorders. Locally specialized functions must be complemented by processes that coordinate those functions, however, and impairment of coordinating processes may be central to some psychotic conditions. Evidence for processes that coordinate activity is provided by neurobiological and psychological studies of contextual disambiguation and dynamic grouping. Mechanisms by which this important class of cognitive functions could be achieved include those long-range connections within and between cortical regions that activate synaptic channels via NMDAreceptors, and which control gain through their voltage-dependent mode of operation. An impairment of these mechanisms is central to PCP-psychosis, and the cognitive capabilities that they could provide are impaired in some forms of schizophrenia. We conclude that impaired cognitive coordination due to reduced ion flow through NMDA-channels is involved in schizophrenia, and we suggest that it may also be involved in other disorders. This perspective suggests several ways in which further research could enhance our understanding of cognitive coordination, its neural basis, and its relevance to psychopathology.Keywords: attention; cerebral cortex; cognitive coordination; cognitive neuropsychiatry; cognitive neuropsychology; context disorganization; Gamma rhythms; Gestalt theory; glutamate; grouping; memory; NMDA-receptors; PCP-psychosis; perceptual organization; schizophrenia William A. Phillips, Ph.D., is Professor of Neuropsychology at the University of Stirling, Scotland UK. He has published more than 70 papers on vision, visual memory, perceptual learning, childrens drawings, the effects of brain damage on reading and writing, and the theory of neuronal computation. He was a founder and the first Director of the Center for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience at the University of Stirling.Steven M. Silverstein, Ph.D., is A...

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“…The Oxford-Liverpool Inventory for Feelings and Experiences consists of 159 items selected on the basis of factor-analytic studies of older scales assessing psychotic-like features in the general population (Mason, Claridge, & Jackson, 1995). Contributing to the experimental validity of this inventory, various studies have confirmed that high schizotypy scorers, as identified by the O-LIFE sub-scales, demonstrate cognitive deficits similar to those seen in schizophrenic patients (Burch, Steel, & Hemsley, 1998;Goodarzi, Wykes, & Hemsley, 2000;Gray, Fernandez, Williams, Ruddle, & Snowden, 2002;Tsakanikos & Reed, 2003). More specifically, it assesses the following dimensions:…”

Section: Schizotypy Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensional approaches to experimental psychopathology of schizophrenia: shift learning and report of psychotic-like experiences in college students

Tsakanikos

Reed

2005

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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Adopting a dimensional approach to experimental psychopathology, and taking into account inconsistencies in the previous literature, we examined whether reports of psychoticlike experiences in undergraduate students were associated with shift-learning deficits, akin to those seen in schizophrenia. The participants (N ¼ 72) were tested on a new compound stimulus discrimination task before and after a target shift, and were administered a multidimensional schizotypy inventory (O-LIFE). Performance impairment following a target shift was associated with the negative (introvertive anhedonia) and the impulsive (impulsive nonconformity) dimension of schizotypy, but not with the positive (unusual experiences), nor the disorganised (cognitive disorganisation) dimension. None of the schizotypy measures were associated with performance on discrimination learning before the target shift. The obtained results are in line with past evidence that shift learning is associated with the severity of the negative symptomatology of schizophrenia. The possibility that psychotic-like features may

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Cerebral lateralization of global–local processing in people with schizotypy

Cited by 72 publications

References 26 publications

Visuo-spatial processing and dimensions of schizotypy: figure-ground segregation as a function of psychotic-like features

Visuo-spatial processing and dimensions of schizotypy: figure-ground segregation as a function of psychotic-like features

Convergence of biological and psychological perspectives on cognitive coordination in schizophrenia

Dimensional approaches to experimental psychopathology of schizophrenia: shift learning and report of psychotic-like experiences in college students

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