Cerebral Potentials evoked by Pattern Reversal and their Suppression in Visual Rivalry

Cobb, W. A.; Morton, Helen; Ettlinger, G.

doi:10.1038/2161123b0

Cited by 173 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It can be seen that the ongoing, non-averaged modulation of the frequency tag already shows a strong correlation to the subject's response to the perceptual dominance of expanding rings. These results are in accordance with previous work (Brown & Norcia, 1997;Cobb et al, 1967;Lansing, 1964;Tononi et al, 1998) showing that during binocular rivalry the evoked brain response to a frequency tag is consistently modulated throughout perceptual alternations.…”

Section: Scalp Specificity Of the Frequency Tagsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Mountains and valleys: Binocular rivalry and the flow of experience

Cosmelli¹,

Thompson²

2007

Consciousness and Cognition

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Binocular rivalry provides a useful situation for studying the relation between the temporal flow of conscious experience and the temporal dynamics of neural activity. After proposing a phenomenological framework for understanding temporal aspects of consciousness, we review experimental research on multistable perception and binocular rivalry, singling out various methodological, theoretical, and empirical aspects of this research relevant to studying the flow of experience. We then review an experimental study from our group explicitly concerned with relating the temporal dynamics of rivalrous experience to the temporal dynamics of cortical activity. Drawing attention to the importance of dealing with ongoing activity and its inherent changing nature at both phenomenological and neurodynamical levels, we argue that the notions of recurrence and variability are pertinent to understanding rivalry in particular and the flow of experience in general.

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Section: Scalp Specificity Of the Frequency Tagsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In this experimental setting we used a frequency tagging approach (Brown & Norcia, 1997;Cobb, Morton, & Ettlinger, 1967;Lansing, 1964;Tononi, Srinivasan, Russell, & Edelman, 1998). The principle of this approach consists in using an intrinsic frequency in a given stimulus that can be followed in the subsequent evoked brain response.…”

Section: Frequency Taggingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mountains and valleys: Binocular rivalry and the flow of experience

Cosmelli¹,

Thompson²

2007

Consciousness and Cognition

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“…Thus, the characteristics of the movement potentials described here are closely similar to those described in man (by surface EEG recordings) in relation with pattern reversal (COBB, MORTON and ETTLINGER, 1967), or with accelerated visual motion (MACKAY and RIETVELD, 1968;CLARKE, 1972).…”

Section: Test-movement Withoutflashsupporting

confidence: 80%

Saccadic displacements of the retinal image: Effects on the visual system in the cat

Jeannerod

Chouvet

1973

Vision Research

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“…Single-cell recordings in alert, behaving monkeys show that some, but certainly not all, neurons in V1 modulate their activity coincident with the reported perceptual state of the evoking stimuli (20), with the proportion of neurons that ''track'' perceptual fluctuations in rivalry increasing within higher visual areas (20,21). Results from human subjects show robust awareness-dependent modulations in early visual cortex, with the initial supporting evidence being obtained from electroencephalogram recordings (22,23). Brain-imaging results consistently show that neural events in V1 are attenuated in response to visual stimuli that are suppressed from awareness during rivalry (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 62%

Strength of early visual adaptation depends on visual awareness

Blake

Tadin

Sobel

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

170

147

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We measured visual-adaptation strength under variations in visual awareness by manipulating phenomenal invisibility of adapting stimuli using binocular rivalry and visual crowding. Results showed that the threshold-elevation aftereffect and the translational motion aftereffect were reduced substantially during binocular rivalry and crowding. Importantly, aftereffect reduction was correlated with the proportion of time that the adapting stimulus was removed from visual awareness. These findings indicate that the neural events that underlie both rivalry and crowding are inaugurated at an early stage of visual processing, because both the threshold-elevation aftereffect and translational motion aftereffect arise, at least in part, from adaptation at the earliest stages of cortical processing. Also, our findings make it necessary to reinterpret previous studies whose results were construed as psychophysical evidence against the direct role of neurons in the primary visual cortex in visual awareness. binocular rivalry ͉ crowding ͉ vision V isual adaptation has been dubbed the psychologist's microelectrode (1) because the resulting visual aftereffects presumably reveal response properties of neural mechanisms that are activated by adapting stimuli. Also, measuring visual adaptation under visual conditions that render the adapting stimulus invisible allows one to draw inferences about the neural concomitants of the conditions that produce stimulus invisibility. Specifically, a result showing a full-strength aftereffect that is generated by an invisible stimulus implies normal, unperturbed neural activation at the site of adaptation. This outcome implies that the neural correlates of the visual phenomenon that are used to render the adapting stimulus invisible lie beyond the neural mechanisms that are responsible for the aftereffect. This line of reasoning has been applied to the study of binocular rivalry and visual crowding, which are two extensively studied visual phenomena that are used to ''erase'' visual stimuli from awareness (2). The results have shown that full-strength pattern and motion aftereffects (MAEs) can be induced even when the high-contrast inducing stimuli were absent from awareness for a substantial portion of the adaptation period during binocular rivalry (3-7) and crowding (8, 9). Because adaptation producing these aftereffects includes neural events that presumably occur within cortical areas ranging from the primary visual cortex (V1) (10-12) to the middle-temporal visual area (12, 13), these psychophysical findings have reasonably been interpreted as evidence for the high-level origin of both rivalry (14, 15) and crowding (8,14). Also, these same results were regarded by some workers as key psychophysical evidence against the direct involvement of V1 neurons in conscious visual awareness (16)(17)(18)(19). Measurement of full-strength aftereffects under conditions of rivalry and crowding shows a clear dissociation between the abolished perceptual awareness of the adapting stimulus and unperturbe...

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Cerebral Potentials evoked by Pattern Reversal and their Suppression in Visual Rivalry

Cited by 173 publications

References 6 publications

Mountains and valleys: Binocular rivalry and the flow of experience

Mountains and valleys: Binocular rivalry and the flow of experience

Saccadic displacements of the retinal image: Effects on the visual system in the cat

Strength of early visual adaptation depends on visual awareness

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