Cerebrospinal fluid cyto‐/chemokine profile during acute herpes simplex virus induced anti‐<i>N</i>‐methyl‐<scp>d</scp>‐aspartate receptor encephalitis and in chronic neurological sequelae

Kothur, Kavitha; Gill, Deepak; Wong, Melanie; Mohammad, Shekeeb S.; Bandodkar, Sushil; Arbunckle, Susan; Wienholt, Louise

doi:10.1111/dmcn.13431

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(89 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Indeed, it is unclear how long the inflammatory component of disease lasts. In this respect, the correlation between anti‐NMDAR antibodies and clinical course is unclear, and the correlation of disease severity and relapse with other markers, such as C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), C‐X‐C motif ligand 10 (CXCL10), Fas, Fas ligand, T‐helper cell 17 (Th17), B cell activating factor from the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF), and a proliferation‐inducing ligand (APRIL) is being investigated …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relapse risk factors in anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis

Nosadini

Granata²,

Matricardi³

et al. 2019

Develop Med Child Neuro

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim To identify factors that may predict and affect the risk of relapse in anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Method This was a retrospective study of an Italian cohort of patients with paediatric (≤18y) onset anti‐NMDAR encephalitis. Results Of the 62 children included (39 females; median age at onset 9y 10mo, range 1y 2mo–18y; onset between 2005 and 2018), 21 per cent relapsed (median two total events per relapsing patient, range 2–4). Time to first relapse was median 31.5 months (range 7–89mo). Severity at first relapse was lower than onset (median modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 3, range 2–4, vs median mRS 5, range 3–5; admission to intensive care unit: 0/10 vs 3/10). At the survival analysis, the risk of relapsing was significantly lower in patients who received three or more different immune therapies at first disease event (hazard ratio 0.208, 95% confidence interval 0.046–0.941; p=0.042). Neurological outcome at follow‐up did not differ significantly between patients with relapsing and monophasic disease (mRS 0–1 in 39/49 vs 12/13; p=0.431), although follow‐up duration was significantly longer in relapsing (median 84mo, range 14–137mo) than in monophasic patients (median 32mo, range 4–108mo; p=0.002). Interpretation Relapses may occur in about one‐fifth of children with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, are generally milder than at onset, and may span over a long period, although they do not seem to be associated with severity in the acute phase or with outcome at follow‐up. Aggressive immune therapy at onset may reduce risk of relapse. What this paper adds Relapses of anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis may span over a long period. Relapses were not associated with severity in the acute phase or outcome at follow‐up. Aggressive immune therapy at onset appears to decrease risk of relapse.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relapse risk factors in anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis

Nosadini

Granata²,

Matricardi³

et al. 2019

Develop Med Child Neuro

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Kothur et al measured a panel of CSF chemokines and cytokines in a child with HSE-induced anti-NMDAR encephalitis during acute admission and recovery, and compared patterns of abundance with children suffering chronic or relapsing HSE, pure anti-NMDAR encephalitis and controls. 3 Most of the assayed cyto/chemokines were elevated in acute HSE, while in the post-HSE anti-NMDAR phase there was persistent elevation of a few key mediators. Interestingly, the cyto/chemokine elevation in the HSE/ NMDAR case was more florid than in anti-NMDAR encephalitis alone.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Kothur et al. extend insight into host inflammatory responses in viral and antibody‐mediated encephalitis, including one case of HSE‐induced anti‐NMDAR encephalitis …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kothur et al. measured a panel of CSF chemokines and cytokines in a child with HSE‐induced anti‐NMDAR encephalitis during acute admission and recovery, and compared patterns of abundance with children suffering chronic or relapsing HSE, pure anti‐NMDAR encephalitis and controls …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Kothur et al extend insight into host inflammatory responses in viral and antibody-mediated encephalitis, including one case of HSE-induced anti-NMDAR encephalitis. 3 Nosadini et al succinctly summarize the literature on anti-NMDAR encephalitis associated with HSE in adults and children. 2 Forty-three patients were identified, including a newly reported case.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations