Certification in protected areas: a Western Australian case study.

Ingram, C.; Black, R. D. Collison; Crabtree, A.

doi:10.1079/9781845932374.0266

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…1, 2012 Sustainability Reporting and Certification in Tourism: Buckley interests in improved environmental management, or professional investment in ecocertification programmes, have an incentive for effective differentiation. Government parks agencies may make more functional use of tourism ecocertificatiOl\ but generally establish their OWl\ which they can then rely on (Ingram 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability Reporting and Certification in Tourism

Buckley¹

2012

Tourism Recreation Research

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability Reporting and Certification in Tourism

Buckley¹

2012

Tourism Recreation Research

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“…The same can be said of tourism companies that are marginalised from the process of setting up criteria or systems for not being the key target market, resulting in inequitable access to certification. There is evidence from Australia to Central America that small firms are more likely to be in this marginalised group (Ingram, 2007;Medina, 2005;Thwaites, 2007;Vivanco, 2007). The remainder of this paper reports the findings of a project that examined the influence of managerial approaches on environmental engagement in small tourism firms when part of a scheme such as GTBS.…”

Section: Small Tourism Businesses and Environmental Management Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small business management and environmental engagement

Sampaio

Thomas

Font

2012

Journal of Sustainable Tourism

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Small firms in tourism are characterised by informal approaches to management, allowing their owners to meet a variety of often overlapping business and personal goals. Environmental certification schemes generally require members to subscribe to formal environmental management systems (EMS), even when aimed at small business operators. This paper examines in detail the managerial approaches of a small group of owner-managers who are operating within the approximately 3000-member Green Tourism Business Scheme (GTBS) available in the UK and Ireland. The findings suggest that the type of environmental practices adopted most willingly reflect the formality of management within the business and the owner-managers’ various backgrounds, values, reasons to be in business, expectations from acting and their understanding of the "environment". It finds that the "Plan-Do-Check-Review" approach of most EMS does not easily relate to the complex motivations and needs of the world of small business. The paper concludes that environmental engagement is more likely to be fostered if owner-managers’ managerial approaches and assumptions are better understood and that shared visions for environmental engagement are encouraged through informed dialogue. Both economic benefits and the fostering of "feel good" factors should be stressed if small tourism businesses are to adopt EMS programmes

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“…It has been suggested that tourism operators seek certification in order to gain preferential treatment from regulatory authorities, such as longer operating licences in national parks (Buckley, 2009). In practice, however, it appears that parks agencies either recognise a range of business certification as well as environmental certification programmes (Ingram, 2007), or establish their own programmes (GBRMPA, 2008). In New Zealand, Rowe and Higham (2007) noted that the only tourism operators which had adopted ecocertification schemes were those which in any event required permits from the national parks agency, the New Zealand Department of Conservation.…”

Section: Undeserved Awards and Certificatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the net effects of ecotourism on the environment: a framework, first assessment and future research

Buckley

2009

Journal of Sustainable Tourism

151

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Available data differ greatly in relevance and reliability. Rigorous evaluation of environmental outcomes from commercial ecotourism products generally requires on-site audit with full access, internal and external documentary sources, and interviews with staff and third-party stakeholders; and even then there is no guarantee that the auditor has uncovered everything relevant. Many authors focus on place or management rather than companies or products, and do not distinguish between independent travellers and escorted tour clients. This applies particularly to the literature of parks and recreation management. Much of the literature is relatively uncritical. The same case studies are cited by successive authors, and achieve recognition simply through repetition, even if the original reference was actually written by a staff member, consultant or close associate of the organisation concerned (e.g. Nycander, 2002; Shah, 2002). In some cases the original material may have been simply a contribution to an unrefereed compilation; or a report with no pretensions to academic credibility; or an article which, though scholarly in itself, was not intended to test the claims or examine the achievements of the ecotourism enterprise concerned. Such sources may still be accurate, but they are less reliable. In addition, many authors continue to cite older descriptions of particular case studies without the caveat that they may no longer be valid. Small businesses can change quickly, in ecotourism as in other sectors; community enterprises can collapse, and donor-funded projects may not survive independently. The results presented in the following sections are thus tempered with a degree of uncertainty over data.

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Certification in protected areas: a Western Australian case study.

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Sustainability Reporting and Certification in Tourism

Sustainability Reporting and Certification in Tourism

Small business management and environmental engagement

Evaluating the net effects of ecotourism on the environment: a framework, first assessment and future research

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