“…Moreover, not every entangled state exhibits steering, and not every steerable state violates Bell inequality 3 . EPR-steering has a wide range of applications in many quantum information processing tasks, e.g., in one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution 9 – 11 , quantum networking tasks 12 – 14 , subchannel discrimination 15 – 17 , quantum secret sharing 18 , 19 , quantum teleportation 20 , randomness certification 21 – 23 , and random number generation 24 to mention a few. Recently, it has also been demonstrated to be a useful resource in noisy and lossy quantum network systems 25 , 26 .…”