Cervical Carcinoma in the European Union

Abstract

Several investigations have demonstrated that the women at higher CC risk are unscreened and underscreened ones. Since then, several member states have made significant efforts to set up effective prevention programs by adopting international quality standards and centralizing screening organization and result evaluation. Several developed countries and some new central-eastern European member states have poorly organized prevention programs that result in poor women's health. Diagnosis of CC is emotionally traumatic, but it is highly preventable. When CC is found early, it is highly treatable and associated with long survival and good quality of life.

Sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviour and knowledge about cervical cancer prevention as risk factors for high-risk human papillomavirus infection in Arkhangelsk, North-West Russia

“…CC has been termed “a disease of disparity”. Within the European Union the highest CC mortality is seen in countries with the lowest screening programmes participation rates [7]. High participation in screening programmes employing the Papanicolaou test (cytology-based) and subsequent treatment of precancerous lesions has effectively reduced the CC mortality [8,9].…”

“…High participation in screening programmes employing the Papanicolaou test (cytology-based) and subsequent treatment of precancerous lesions has effectively reduced the CC mortality [8,9]. Nevertheless, CC is considered a major public health issue in Sweden, This country has the 9th lowest CC mortality rate in the EU, high participation rate and screening programme in place since 1967 [7,10,11]. In addition, HPV is also associated with increased risk of head and neck, vaginal, vulvar, penile and anal cancers [11,12].…”

Methylation analysis and HPV genotyping of self-collected cervical samples from women not responding to screening invitation and review of the literature

“…There were 6 duplicates; 243 papers were excluded, because they investigated HPV self-sampling detection (n = 129), HPV immunization (n = 8), HPV infection (n = 6), or described other biological samples (n = 5), were reviews (n = 18), were related to other topics (n = 5), or described screening techniques and screening diffusion (n = 72). Examination of the remaining 20 papers in the second stage of the PRISMA flow-chart led to the exclusion of 16 studies for the following reasons: 1 regarded self-sampling in HPV detection [16], 10 evaluated the diffusion of cervical cancer screening [6,17–25], 2 were systematic reviews [26,27], one examined the same patient population as another study but was the less informative [8], and 2 did not meet the inclusion criteria [12,28] (Fig 1). There remained 4 papers [29–32], which are described in Table 2.…”

Moterų Žinios Apie Gimdos Kaklelio Vėžio Rizikos Veiksnius Ir Žmogaus Papilomos Viruso Vakciną

“…(n=88) apklaustųjų nurodė, kad riebus maistas nėra susijęs su GKV išsivystymu ir beveik tiek pat (42,4 proc., n=86) tyrime dalyvavusių moterų nežinojo, kad daugiau nei 5 gimdymai per gyvenimą turi įtaką GKV išsivystyti (1 lentelė). [15]. Bulgarijoje prevencinėse patikrose dalyvavusių tikslinės grupės moterų dalis sudarė tik 14 proc., Latvijoje -16 proc., Vengrijoje -18 proc.…”