1985
DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1985.00800100082012
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Cervical Lymph Node Metastases: Incidence and Implications of Extracapsular Carcinoma

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Cited by 205 publications
(122 citation statements)
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“…4,[47][48][49][50] The presence of ECS is another poor prognosticator. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] ECS may be detected radiographically, 51 but neck dissection remains the only definitive method to identify the presence of ECS. Although it is believed that ECS occurs mainly in larger lymph nodes, some studies have identified ECS in lymph nodes as small as 2 mm.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…4,[47][48][49][50] The presence of ECS is another poor prognosticator. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] ECS may be detected radiographically, 51 but neck dissection remains the only definitive method to identify the presence of ECS. Although it is believed that ECS occurs mainly in larger lymph nodes, some studies have identified ECS in lymph nodes as small as 2 mm.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Various studies have shown extracapsular extension to be a significant poor prognosticator, decreasing survival by an additional 50%. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Staging systems are designed to compare similarly staged patients, facilitate prognosis, and provide useful information for treatment decisions. They are used to identify groups of patients for therapeutic interventions and comparisons of outcomes across populations.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Identification of those who are at greatest risk for developing distant metastasis and mortality from prostate cancer will help stratify patients into prognostically distinct groups. Previous studies demonstrated that assessment of extranodal extension (ENE) in patients who are node positive may provide prognostic information in certain human epithelial malignancies, including breast cancer (10,11), squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva (12,13), gastric carcinoma (14), and squamous carcinoma of the head and neck (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Others refuted the significance of ENE (22)(23)(24)(25)(26).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A incidência de linfonodos positivos, confirmados no anatomo patológico, mostra-se alta 3,8 . A metástase regional quando presente pode estar associada à ruptura capsular, que tanto aumenta a incidência de recorrência da doença e desenvolvimento de metástase a distância como diminuiu a sobrevida livre de doença dos nossos pacientes.Sua presença é um indicador de prognóstico ruim 6,19 . Em se tratando de orofaringe, os níveis mais acometidos são: II ,III e IV, a metástase para o nível V é uma ocorrên-cia rara no carcinoma epidermóide do tracto aero digestivo superior [8][9][10][18][19] , o que permite a indicação eventualmente de esvaziamento seletivo.…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…As neoplasias malignas da orofaringe e em particular da base da língua, tem um comportamento agressivo, sendo pouco freqüente em nosso meio, com evolução insidiosa, pobre sintomatologia e diagnóstico em estágios avançados em decorrência do aparecimento de metástases linfonodais no diagnóstico da doença [1][2][3][4][5][6] . Apresenta um predomínio do carcinoma espinocelular em 95% dos casos e ocorre com mais freqüência no homem na 6ª década de vida 7 .…”
Section: Introductionunclassified