Cervical lymph node metastasis of ovarian dysgerminoma: A case report with fine needle aspiration cytology

Abstract

Dysgerminoma is a rare germ cell tumor, accounting for 1% to 2% of all malignant ovarian tumors. Here, we report a case of dysgerminoma diagnosed by aspiration cytology of a cervical lymph node. A 20‐year‐old woman presented with an abdominal mass and left cervical swelling. CT revealed a large pelvic tumor, along with a nodular lesion on the left side of neck. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of a cervical lymph node showed large atypical cells and small lymphocytes. Immunocytochemical staining on cell block material revealed that these large tumor cells were positive for placental alkaline phosphatase, D2‐40, and c‐kit. Dysgerminoma was suggested by FNA cytology. Furthermore, bilateral oophorectomy was performed, and histology confirmed the diagnosis of ovarian dysgerminoma. FNA cytology of metastatic lymph nodes along with immunocytochemistry is a useful tool for diagnosis of dysgerminoma.

Paediatric Ovarian Dysgerminoma: A Case Report

“…7 , 11 In addition, extra-abdominal lymph nodes such as supraclavicular, cervical lymph nodes, and as well as other nodes, may be involved. 11 - 13 In this case, retroperitoneal solid lesions likely of lymph node origin were seen in USG of the whole abdomen which is suggestive of pre-aortic lymph node metastasis. The patient was asked to be on regular follow-up but she visited to us only 11 months after her surgery which made it difficult to plan for further treatment.…”

Adult ovarian and sellar region mixed germ cell tumor: a case report and literature review

“…The incidence of brain metastasis in gonadal GCTs varies between 2% to 16%, as shown by diverse studies. The predominant metastatic subtypes are choriocarcinoma, yolk sac tumor, and embryonal carcinoma ( 14 – 17 ).…”

Uncommon Metastasis of Ovarian Dysgerminoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

“…The most common metastases of dysgerminoma are the peritoneal cavity, omentum (86%), pelvis and abdomen [11,23], and retroperitoneal lymph node [11,23,24]. Furthermore, extra-abdominal lymph nodes such as para-aortic, [23,25,26], supraclavicular [11] and cervical lymph nodes [26][27][28] may be involved. Distant hematogenous metastases develop in the bones [29][30][31], lungs (15%) [24], liver [29,31], kidneys [29], adrenal glands [31], mammary glands [32], cranium, brain, dura mater and intra-axial [24,33,34], pancreas [29], heart and skin [32].…”

“…A study performed in 2020 by Maekawa et al revealed a cervical lymph node metastasis from OD on fine needle aspiration cytology [28]. Kumar et al reported that the prevalence of lymph node metastasis predicts recurrences and metastasis in patients with OD [42] Epidemiological data showed that OD can be associated with some factors, such as (i) dysontogenic gonads; (ii) paraneoplastic hypercalcemia or (iii) endocrine disorders.…”