Cervical Mucus in Estrous Ewes after Treatment with Estrogen, Progestogens and Intrauterine Devices

Ce, Rexroad; Cr, Barb

doi:10.2527/jas1977.441102x

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The low lambing percentage might be due to due to the instability of the luteal lifespan (Chao et al 2008). Previous studies indicated abnormal corpora lutea function during non breeding season during induction regimens (Hunter et al 1986;White et al 1987;Southee et al 1988) or changes in cervical mucous (smith & allison 1971;Rexroad & Barb 1977) or negative effects on cleavage divisions (Quinlivan 1970) may result in conception failure or early embryonic mortality (Hunter et al 1998;Wortzman & Evans 2005) that ultimately leads to lower lambing percentage during non-breeding season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of breeding season on fertility of sheep following estrus synchronization and fixed-time artificial insemination under field conditions in semi-arid tropical region

Kumar

Balaganur

et al. 2016

Biological Rhythm Research

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Accelerated lambing system is heavily reliant on reproductive technologies meant to enable off the season breeding in sheep. Therefore, the present study was programmed to assess the effect of breeding season (BS) on fertility of sheep following estrus synchronization (ES) and fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI). A total of 248 and 365 ewes were synchronized and inseminated during the BS (Febuary-March and July-September) and non-breeding season (NBS) respectively, during 2012-14. Synchronization of estrus was done by AVIKESIL-S, intra-vaginal progesterone sponges kept in situ in vagina for 12 days. 200 IU eCG was administered intramuscularly on 12th day after sponge withdrawal. FTAI was performed twice in ewes exhibiting signs of estrus at 48 and 56h after sponge removal, using liquid chilled semen of Patanwadi/Malpura rams containing 100 million sperm. Breeding season had no significant (p < 0.05) effect on estrus synchronization. The estrous responses during the BS and NBS were 84.68% and 83.29% respectively. The lambing percentage during BS was 66.67%, which is significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the lambing percentage of NBS (57.57%). Although, the lambing percentage in NBS maneuvered ewes were lower than the BS ewes but still the technology can be used to offset the effect of anestrus and to augment production in sheep.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of breeding season on fertility of sheep following estrus synchronization and fixed-time artificial insemination under field conditions in semi-arid tropical region

Kumar

Balaganur

et al. 2016

Biological Rhythm Research

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“…Therefore, the increased expression of the CD44 in the epithelium, as observed in the present study, is to ensure its availability to bind to its ligand. Significantly more mucus produced and/or accumulated naturally in the vaginal region of the ewe with increasing amounts towards oestrus (Rexroad & Barb 1977) explains the difference seen between regions of the cervix and stages of the oestrous cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…As significantly more mucus is produced and/or accumulated naturally in the vaginal region of the ewe (Rexroad & Barb 1977), higher CD44 in the vaginal region might be explained on the basis of the hypothesis that the HA contained in the mucus upregulates CD44 production and function. A general increase in mucus within the cervix close to oestrus (Rexroad & Barb 1977) may explain why the pre-LH group had high CD44 expression in both the vaginal and mid regions of the cervix. A build-up of mucus at the vaginal end may force it backward to the mid-cervical region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronan (HA) content, the ratio of HA fragments and the expression of CD44 in the ovine cervix vary with the stage of the oestrous cycle

Perry¹,

Haresign²,

Wathes³

et al. 2010

Reproduction

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The complex anatomy of the ovine cervix limits the success of trans-cervical artificial insemination in sheep. However, there is a degree of natural relaxation of cervix at oestrus that is accompanied by an increase in the water content. As hyaluronan (HA) has a high affinity for water molecules, in this study, we tested the hypothesis that the HA content of the cervix, the proportion of different size fragments of HA and expression of its receptor CD44 vary with the stage of the oestrous cycle. Oestrous was synchronized in 25 Welsh mountain ewes, and their cervices were collected either during luteal phase (nZ8) or pre-LH (nZ8) or post-LH (nZ9) surge stage of the oestrous cycle. The pre-LH surge group had the highest HA content (2.96 ng/mg of cervical tissue), which was significantly (P%0.05) higher than that observed for the post-LH surge (2.04 ng/mg) group. The luteal phase group had a mean HA content intermediate between the pre-and post-LH surge groups, and was significantly different from either. The frequency of cervical samples containing both sizes of HA fragments (small and large) was significantly higher (P%0.05) in the pre-LH surge group compared with the luteal and the post-LH surge groups, whereas that in post-LH surge group was significantly (P%0.05) higher than that in the luteal group. The number of cervical samples that contained only small HA fragments was significantly (P%0.05) higher in the luteal group compared with both the pre-and post-LH surge groups, whereas the number of samples containing only large HA fragments was significantly (P%0.05) higher in the post-LH surge group compared with the luteal or pre-LH surge groups. Overall mean expression of CD44 in the vaginal and mid regions was significantly (P%0.001) higher than that in the uterine region, with no difference between the vaginal and mid regions of the cervix. Pattern of CD44 expression depended on the stage of the oestrous cycle. At the luteal stage, CD44 expression did not vary among epithelial, sub-epithelial, circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers, whereas at the pre-and post-LH surge stages, the expression in the epithelial layer was significantly (P%0.001) higher than that in the other three layers. In general, CD44 expression in the transverse smooth muscle layer was significantly (P%0.05) lower than the expression in all the other layers at all the stages of the oestrous cycle. The results indicated that the HA varied with the steroid status. Higher HA values at a time when cervical relaxation is naturally higher may indicate its involvement in remodelling of the cervix at oestrus.

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“…The equation coefficients between blood oestradiol-17p or progesterone and cervical mucus PAA, PA1 and PI were estimated by regression analysis. Regression analysis was performed between blood oestradiol-17P or progesterone concentration (Kouskoura et al 1995) and cervical mucus PAA, PA1 and PI, expressed in IU/ mg of mucus dry matter (Rexroad and Bard 1977) because H 2 0 in the cervical mucus shows marked variation throughout oestrus. Such a regression analysis could give information about the effect of the ovarian steroids on the synthesis of plasminogen activators, plasminogen-activator inhibitors and plasmin inhibitors by the cervical mucosa; p < 0.05 was considered significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Studies of Ovarian Steroids in Blood, and Specific Proteolytic Enzymes in the Cervical Mucus, in Four Sheep Breeds after Oestrus Synchronization (Progesterone and PMSG). 2. Breed Variation of PAA, PAI and PI in the Cervical Mucus during Natural Oestrus, Synchronized Oestrus, and the First Oestrus after Synchronized Oestrus

Kouskoura¹,

Kokolis²,

Rekkas³

et al. 1995

Reprod Domestic Animals

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ContentsPlasminogen-activator activity (PAA), plasminogen-activator inhibition (PAI), and plasmin inhibition (PI) were studied in the cervical mucus of four sheep breeds (Friesland, Chios, Serres, Karagouniki) during natural oestrus, synchronized oestrus, and the first oestrus after synchronized oestrus.PAA had increased by the middle of natural oestrus, but with some differences among the breeds studied. Oestrous synchronization disturbed PAA in the cervical mucus, depending again on the breed. This disturbance persisted during the first oestrus after the synchronized oestrus in all breeds studied except Friesland. PAA in the cervical mucus of the ewe was due to both types of plasminogen activator (t-PA and PA1 in the cervical mucus had increased by the middle and end of natural oestrus, depending on the breed. Oestrous synchronization disturbed PAI, which was still the case even during the first oestrus after synchronized oestrus.PI had increased by the end of natural oestrus with some differences among the breeds studied. In all breeds studied, PI in the cervical mucus was disturbed during the synchronized oestrus. This disturbance of PI persisted, more or less, during the first oestrus after synchronized oestrus in all breeds studied except Friesland.Blood oestradiol-17/3, in a quite limited range of concentrations dependent on the breed and the type of the oestrus, could positively affect PAA or PA1 and negatively affect PI in the cervical mucus. U-PA) . InhaltVergleichende Untersuchungen ovarieller Steroide im Blut sowie spezifische proteolytische Enzyme im Zervikalmukus bei vier Schafrassen nach Ostrussynchronisation (Progesteron und PMSG). 2. Rassebedingte Unterschiede fur PAA, PA1 und PI im Zervikalmukus wahrend des normalen und des synchronisierten Ostrus sowie des ersten Ostrus nach der Synchronisation Plasminogen-Aktivator-Aktivitat (PAA), Plasminogen-Aktivator-Inhibition (PAI) und Plasmin-Inhibition (PI) wurden im Zervikalmukus von vier verschiedenen Schafrassen (Friesland, Chios, Serres, Karagouniki) wahrend desnormalen und synchronisierten Ostrus sowie des ersten Ostrus nach der Synchronisation untersucht. PAA-Konzentrationen stiegen in der Mitte des normalen Ostrus an. Dabei traten rassespezifische Unterschiede auf. Ebenfalls rasseabhangig war die Veranderung von PAA im Zervikalmukus bei synchronisierten Tieren. Diese Ver-anderung bestand auch im ersten Ostrus nach der Synchronisation bei allen Rassen auBer bei Friesland-Schafen. Es traten beide Typen des des Plasminogen-Aktivator (t-PA und u-PA) auf. Rasseabhangig stieg PA1 zur Mitte und am Ende des normalen Ostrus an. Ostrus-Synchronisation veranderte PAL Diese Veranderung hielt auch wahrend des auf die Synchronisation folgenden Ostrus an. PI stieg zum Ende des naturlichen Ostrus an, wobei einige Rasseunterschiede beobachtet wurden. Im synchronisierten Ostrus veranderten sich die PI-Werte im Zervikalmukus. AuBer bei Friesland-Schafen hielt diese Veranderung des PI wahrend des ersten Zyklus nach de!, Synchronisation an. Die Blutkonzentrationen vo...

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Cervical Mucus in Estrous Ewes after Treatment with Estrogen, Progestogens and Intrauterine Devices

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of breeding season on fertility of sheep following estrus synchronization and fixed-time artificial insemination under field conditions in semi-arid tropical region

Effect of breeding season on fertility of sheep following estrus synchronization and fixed-time artificial insemination under field conditions in semi-arid tropical region

Hyaluronan (HA) content, the ratio of HA fragments and the expression of CD44 in the ovine cervix vary with the stage of the oestrous cycle

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